Undergraduate
Q. In an AC circuit, if the voltage is given by V(t) = 100 sin(100t), what is the RMS voltage? (2023)
A.
100 V
B.
70.7 V
C.
50 V
D.
141.4 V
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Solution
The RMS voltage is V_rms = V0/√2 = 100/√2 = 70.7 V.
Correct Answer: B — 70.7 V
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Q. In an AC circuit, if the voltage is given by V(t) = 100√2 sin(1000t), what is the peak voltage? (2023)
A.
100 V
B.
100√2 V
C.
200 V
D.
50 V
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Solution
The peak voltage is given by the coefficient of sin, which is 100√2.
Correct Answer: B — 100√2 V
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Q. In an AC circuit, if the voltage is V(t) = 120 sin(ωt), what is the RMS voltage? (2017)
A.
120 V
B.
60 V
C.
84.85 V
D.
100 V
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Solution
RMS voltage V_rms = V_peak / √2 = 120 / √2 = 84.85 V.
Correct Answer: C — 84.85 V
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Q. In an AC circuit, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees in which of the following components? (2020)
A.
Resistor
B.
Capacitor
C.
Inductor
D.
Transformer
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Solution
In an inductor, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees.
Correct Answer: C — Inductor
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Q. In an AC circuit, the voltage is given by V(t) = V0 sin(ωt). What is the peak voltage? (2021)
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Solution
The peak voltage in the equation V(t) = V0 sin(ωt) is V0.
Correct Answer: A — V0
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Q. In an AC circuit, the voltage is given by V(t) = V0 sin(ωt). What is the peak voltage if V0 = 10V? (2021)
A.
5V
B.
10V
C.
15V
D.
20V
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Solution
The peak voltage V0 is given directly in the equation as 10V.
Correct Answer: B — 10V
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Q. In an adiabatic process, the relationship between pressure and volume for an ideal gas is given by which equation? (2020)
A.
PV^n = constant
B.
PV = nRT
C.
P1V1 = P2V2
D.
V/T = constant
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Solution
In an adiabatic process, the relationship is given by PV^n = constant, where n is the heat capacity ratio.
Correct Answer: A — PV^n = constant
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Q. In an adiabatic process, the temperature of an ideal gas decreases. What happens to its pressure?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Depends on volume
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Solution
In an adiabatic process, as the temperature decreases, the pressure also decreases due to the ideal gas law.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. In an adiabatic process, which of the following is true? (2020)
A.
Heat is absorbed from the surroundings
B.
Heat is released to the surroundings
C.
No heat is exchanged
D.
Temperature remains constant
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Solution
In an adiabatic process, there is no heat exchange with the surroundings, meaning no heat is absorbed or released.
Correct Answer: C — No heat is exchanged
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Q. In an adiabatic process, which of the following remains constant? (2020)
A.
Temperature
B.
Pressure
C.
Internal Energy
D.
Enthalpy
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Solution
In an adiabatic process, there is no heat exchange, so the internal energy remains constant for an ideal gas.
Correct Answer: C — Internal Energy
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Q. In an electrochemical cell, the anode is where: (2019)
A.
Oxidation occurs
B.
Reduction occurs
C.
Electrons are gained
D.
Ions are produced
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Solution
In an electrochemical cell, oxidation occurs at the anode.
Correct Answer: A — Oxidation occurs
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Q. In an isothermal process, the temperature of the gas remains constant. What can be said about the internal energy of an ideal gas? (2020) 2020
A.
It increases
B.
It decreases
C.
It remains constant
D.
It varies with pressure
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Solution
For an ideal gas, the internal energy depends only on temperature. Since the temperature remains constant in an isothermal process, the internal energy also remains constant.
Correct Answer: C — It remains constant
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Q. In an isothermal process, the temperature of the system remains: (2023)
A.
Constant
B.
Increases
C.
Decreases
D.
Varies
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Solution
In an isothermal process, the temperature of the system remains constant.
Correct Answer: A — Constant
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Q. In an RLC circuit, if the resistance is 6Ω, inductive reactance is 8Ω, and capacitive reactance is 4Ω, what is the total impedance? (2021)
A.
10Ω
B.
12Ω
C.
14Ω
D.
16Ω
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Solution
Total impedance Z = √(R² + (XL - XC)²) = √(6² + (8 - 4)²) = √(36 + 16) = √52 ≈ 10Ω.
Correct Answer: B — 12Ω
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Q. In an RLC circuit, if the resistance is increased, what happens to the quality factor (Q)? (2021)
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains the same
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
The quality factor Q is inversely proportional to resistance. Increasing resistance decreases Q.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. In an RLC series circuit, if the inductive reactance is greater than the capacitive reactance, the circuit is said to be: (2022)
A.
Resonant
B.
Inductive
C.
Capacitive
D.
Purely resistive
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Solution
If the inductive reactance (XL) is greater than the capacitive reactance (XC), the circuit is inductive.
Correct Answer: B — Inductive
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Q. In an RLC series circuit, if the resistance is 10 Ω, inductance is 0.1 H, and capacitance is 100 μF, what is the resonant frequency? (2023)
A.
50 Hz
B.
100 Hz
C.
159 Hz
D.
200 Hz
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Solution
The resonant frequency f0 = 1/(2π√(LC)) = 1/(2π√(0.1 * 100e-6)) = 159 Hz.
Correct Answer: C — 159 Hz
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Q. In an RLC series circuit, if the total impedance is 50 ohms and the resistance is 30 ohms, what is the reactance? (2020)
A.
40 ohms
B.
30 ohms
C.
20 ohms
D.
10 ohms
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Solution
Using Z = √(R² + X²), we find X = √(Z² - R²) = √(50² - 30²) = √(2500 - 900) = √1600 = 40 ohms.
Correct Answer: A — 40 ohms
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Q. In ecological succession, what is the term for the first species to colonize a barren environment? (2022)
A.
Pioneer species
B.
Climax community
C.
Keystone species
D.
Invasive species
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Solution
Pioneer species are the first organisms to colonize previously uninhabited or disturbed environments.
Correct Answer: A — Pioneer species
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Q. In electrolysis, if 1 mole of electrons is transferred, how many grams of copper can be deposited from Cu²⁺?
A.
63.5 g
B.
31.75 g
C.
127 g
D.
159 g
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Solution
1 mole of Cu²⁺ deposits 63.5 g of copper.
Correct Answer: A — 63.5 g
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Q. In electrolysis, if the current is 2 A and the time is 30 minutes, how many moles of electrons are transferred?
A.
0.1 mol
B.
0.2 mol
C.
0.3 mol
D.
0.4 mol
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Solution
Using the formula: moles = (current × time) / (n × F), where n=1 for electrons and F=96500 C/mol.
Correct Answer: B — 0.2 mol
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Q. In electrolysis, the process of oxidation occurs at the: (2023)
A.
Anode
B.
Cathode
C.
Electrolyte
D.
None of the above
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Solution
In electrolysis, oxidation occurs at the anode.
Correct Answer: A — Anode
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Q. In electrolysis, the process of oxidation occurs at the: (2023) 2023
A.
Anode
B.
Cathode
C.
Electrolyte
D.
None of the above
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Solution
In electrolysis, oxidation occurs at the anode.
Correct Answer: A — Anode
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Q. In electrolysis, what is produced at the anode when NaCl solution is electrolyzed? (2022)
A.
Hydrogen gas
B.
Chlorine gas
C.
Sodium metal
D.
Oxygen gas
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Solution
Chlorine gas is produced at the anode during the electrolysis of NaCl solution.
Correct Answer: B — Chlorine gas
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Q. In flowering plants, the ovary develops into which part after fertilization? (2023)
A.
Seed
B.
Fruit
C.
Flower
D.
Leaf
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Solution
After fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit, which contains the seeds.
Correct Answer: B — Fruit
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Q. In how many ways can 3 prizes be awarded to 5 students? (2021)
A.
60
B.
100
C.
120
D.
80
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Solution
The number of ways to award 3 prizes to 5 students is 5P3 = 60.
Correct Answer: C — 120
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Q. In how many ways can 4 different flags be arranged on a pole? (2015)
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Solution
The number of arrangements of 4 distinct flags is 4! = 24.
Correct Answer: A — 24
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Q. In how many ways can 4 different fruits be selected from 10 fruits?
A.
210
B.
120
C.
240
D.
300
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Solution
The number of ways to choose 4 fruits from 10 is C(10, 4) = 210.
Correct Answer: A — 210
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Q. In how many ways can 4 different prizes be distributed among 10 students? (2023)
A.
5040
B.
10000
C.
2400
D.
120
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Solution
The number of ways to distribute 4 different prizes among 10 students is 10P4 = 5040.
Correct Answer: A — 5040
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Q. In how many ways can 4 prizes be distributed among 10 students?
A.
210
B.
5040
C.
10000
D.
1001
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Solution
The number of ways to distribute 4 prizes among 10 students is 10P4 = 5040.
Correct Answer: B — 5040
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