The magnetic dipole moment (μ) is defined as the product of the current (I) flowing through a loop and the area (A) of the loop, μ = I × A.

The force (F) on a charged particle in a magnetic field is given by F = qvB sin(θ). The force is maximum when θ = 90 degrees, as sin(90) = 1.

The magnetic field (B) inside a long solenoid is given by B = μ₀nI, where n is the number of turns per unit length and I is the current.

The magnetic field lines inside a bar magnet are directed from the North pole to the South pole.

Using the right-hand rule, if the current flows in a counterclockwise direction, the magnetic field inside the loop points out of the plane.

Increasing the number of turns (n) in a solenoid increases the magnetic field strength, as B = μ₀nI.

The magnetic moment (μ) of a circular loop is given by μ = I × A, where A is the area of the loop. For a circular loop, A = πr², thus μ = I × πr² = πr²I.

The SI unit of magnetic moment is Joule per Tesla (J/T), which can also be expressed as Ampere-meter squared (A·m²).

Iron is a ferromagnetic material, which means it can be magnetized and retains its magnetic properties.