Heavy metals can be toxic to organisms, leading to bioaccumulation and harmful effects on ecosystems.

Plastic waste poses multiple environmental concerns, including air pollution from incineration, soil degradation, and water contamination.

Industrial processes, especially those involving the burning of fossil fuels, are the primary source of sulfur dioxide emissions.

Nitrogen oxides contribute to ozone formation, the greenhouse effect, and are a precursor to acid rain.

Phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, playing a crucial role in carbon storage in the ocean.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are known to deplete the ozone layer by breaking down ozone molecules in the stratosphere.

Increasing energy efficiency helps to reduce carbon emissions and thus lowers the carbon footprint.