Properties of Matter
Q. Which of the following liquids has the highest surface tension at room temperature?
A.
Water
B.
Ethanol
C.
Mercury
D.
Benzene
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Solution
Mercury has a very high surface tension due to strong cohesive forces between its molecules, higher than that of water, ethanol, and benzene.
Correct Answer: C — Mercury
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Q. Which of the following materials has the highest Young's modulus?
A.
Rubber
B.
Steel
C.
Wood
D.
Plastic
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Solution
Steel has a much higher Young's modulus compared to rubber, wood, and plastic, indicating it is much stiffer.
Correct Answer: B — Steel
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Q. Which of the following materials is most likely to exhibit elastic behavior?
A.
Rubber
B.
Glass
C.
Steel
D.
Plastic
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Solution
Steel is known for its elastic properties, allowing it to return to its original shape after deformation.
Correct Answer: C — Steel
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Q. Which of the following materials typically has the highest Young's modulus?
A.
Rubber
B.
Steel
C.
Wood
D.
Plastic
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Solution
Steel typically has a much higher Young's modulus compared to rubber, wood, and plastic.
Correct Answer: B — Steel
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Q. Which of the following materials would have the highest Young's modulus?
A.
Rubber
B.
Steel
C.
Wood
D.
Plastic
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Solution
Steel has a much higher Young's modulus compared to rubber, wood, and plastic, indicating it is much stiffer.
Correct Answer: B — Steel
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Q. Which of the following phenomena is an example of surface tension?
A.
Water droplets on a leaf
B.
Air bubbles in water
C.
Oil mixing with water
D.
Salt dissolving in water
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Solution
Water droplets on a leaf demonstrate surface tension, as the cohesive forces between water molecules create a 'skin' on the surface.
Correct Answer: A — Water droplets on a leaf
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Q. Which of the following phenomena is explained by the concept of surface tension?
A.
Capillary action
B.
Viscosity
C.
Buoyancy
D.
Elasticity
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Solution
Surface tension is responsible for capillary action, allowing liquids to rise in narrow tubes.
Correct Answer: A — Capillary action
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Q. Which of the following phenomena is explained by the concept of viscosity?
A.
Capillary action
B.
Buoyancy
C.
Fluid flow resistance
D.
Surface tension
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Solution
Viscosity describes the resistance of a fluid to flow, which is a key factor in fluid flow resistance.
Correct Answer: C — Fluid flow resistance
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Q. Which of the following phenomena is NOT a consequence of surface tension?
A.
Formation of droplets
B.
Capillary action
C.
Floating of heavy objects
D.
Shape of bubbles
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Solution
Floating of heavy objects is not a consequence of surface tension; it is due to buoyancy, while the other options are directly related to surface tension.
Correct Answer: C — Floating of heavy objects
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Q. Which of the following phenomena is NOT related to surface tension?
A.
Capillary action
B.
Formation of droplets
C.
Floating of heavy objects
D.
Meniscus formation
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Solution
Floating of heavy objects is not related to surface tension; it is related to buoyancy. The other phenomena are directly influenced by surface tension.
Correct Answer: C — Floating of heavy objects
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Q. Which of the following phenomena is primarily due to surface tension?
A.
Capillary action
B.
Viscosity
C.
Diffusion
D.
Convection
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Solution
Capillary action is primarily due to surface tension, as it allows liquids to rise in narrow tubes against gravity.
Correct Answer: A — Capillary action
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Q. Which of the following statements about buoyancy is true?
A.
Buoyant force acts downward
B.
Buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
C.
Buoyant force depends on the shape of the object
D.
Buoyant force is always equal to the weight of the object
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Solution
The buoyant force acting on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Correct Answer: B — Buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
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Q. Which of the following statements about elastic potential energy stored in a stretched wire is true?
A.
It is proportional to the square of the extension
B.
It is proportional to the extension
C.
It is independent of the material
D.
It is always constant
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Solution
The elastic potential energy stored in a stretched wire is given by U = (1/2) * F * x, which is proportional to the square of the extension.
Correct Answer: A — It is proportional to the square of the extension
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Q. Which of the following statements about fluids is true?
A.
Fluids can only flow in one direction
B.
Fluids have a definite shape
C.
Fluids can exert pressure in all directions
D.
Fluids are incompressible
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Solution
Fluids can exert pressure in all directions, which is a fundamental property of fluids.
Correct Answer: C — Fluids can exert pressure in all directions
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Q. Which of the following statements about solids is true?
A.
They have a definite shape and volume
B.
They flow easily
C.
They have low density
D.
They are incompressible
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Solution
Solids have a definite shape and volume due to the closely packed arrangement of their particles.
Correct Answer: A — They have a definite shape and volume
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Q. Which of the following statements about surface tension is true?
A.
It increases with temperature
B.
It is independent of temperature
C.
It decreases with temperature
D.
It is only present in liquids
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Solution
Surface tension generally decreases with an increase in temperature due to increased molecular motion.
Correct Answer: C — It decreases with temperature
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Q. Which of the following statements about viscosity is true?
A.
Viscosity is a scalar quantity
B.
Viscosity is a vector quantity
C.
Viscosity is temperature independent
D.
Viscosity increases with shear rate
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Solution
Viscosity is a scalar quantity that measures a fluid's resistance to flow.
Correct Answer: A — Viscosity is a scalar quantity
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Q. Which phenomenon explains why a needle can float on water despite being denser?
A.
Buoyancy
B.
Surface tension
C.
Viscosity
D.
Capillarity
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Solution
Surface tension allows the needle to float on water, as it creates a 'skin' on the surface that can support the weight of the needle.
Correct Answer: B — Surface tension
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Q. Which phenomenon explains why a straw can draw liquid upwards?
A.
Capillary action
B.
Surface tension
C.
Viscosity
D.
Hydrostatic pressure
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Solution
Capillary action allows liquids to rise in narrow spaces, such as a straw, due to adhesive and cohesive forces.
Correct Answer: A — Capillary action
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Q. Which phenomenon is primarily responsible for the shape of small liquid droplets?
A.
Viscosity
B.
Surface tension
C.
Density
D.
Capillarity
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Solution
Surface tension causes small droplets to minimize their surface area, resulting in a spherical shape.
Correct Answer: B — Surface tension
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Q. Which principle explains why a ship floats on water?
A.
Archimedes' principle
B.
Bernoulli's principle
C.
Pascal's principle
D.
Newton's third law
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Solution
Archimedes' principle states that a body submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
Correct Answer: A — Archimedes' principle
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