Properties of Matter
Q. In which of the following scenarios does elastic deformation occur?
A.
A rubber band being stretched
B.
A metal rod being permanently bent
C.
A glass breaking
D.
A clay being molded
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Solution
Elastic deformation occurs when the rubber band is stretched and returns to its original shape.
Correct Answer: A — A rubber band being stretched
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Q. In which of the following scenarios does viscosity increase?
A.
Heating a fluid
B.
Cooling a fluid
C.
Adding a solvent
D.
Increasing pressure
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Solution
Viscosity generally increases when a fluid is cooled.
Correct Answer: B — Cooling a fluid
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Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect a fluid to have lower viscosity?
A.
At lower temperatures
B.
At higher temperatures
C.
Under high pressure
D.
In a narrow pipe
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Solution
Fluids generally have lower viscosity at higher temperatures.
Correct Answer: B — At higher temperatures
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Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect a fluid to have the lowest viscosity?
A.
High temperature
B.
Low temperature
C.
High pressure
D.
Low pressure
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Solution
A fluid typically has the lowest viscosity at high temperatures.
Correct Answer: A — High temperature
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Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect to observe a decrease in viscosity?
A.
Cooling a liquid
B.
Heating a liquid
C.
Increasing pressure
D.
Adding a solute
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Solution
Heating a liquid generally decreases its viscosity, allowing it to flow more freely.
Correct Answer: B — Heating a liquid
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Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect to see the effects of viscosity most prominently?
A.
A river flowing rapidly
B.
Oil pouring from a bottle
C.
Air moving around a plane
D.
Water boiling
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Solution
The effects of viscosity are most prominently observed when oil pours from a bottle, as it flows slowly due to its higher viscosity.
Correct Answer: B — Oil pouring from a bottle
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Q. The modulus of resilience is defined as:
A.
The energy per unit volume stored in a material up to the yield point
B.
The total energy absorbed by a material before fracture
C.
The ratio of stress to strain
D.
The maximum stress a material can withstand
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Solution
The modulus of resilience is the energy per unit volume stored in a material up to the yield point.
Correct Answer: A — The energy per unit volume stored in a material up to the yield point
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Q. The phenomenon of a liquid rising in a narrow tube is called?
A.
Surface tension
B.
Capillarity
C.
Viscosity
D.
Hydrostatic pressure
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Solution
The phenomenon of a liquid rising in a narrow tube is called capillarity.
Correct Answer: B — Capillarity
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Q. The phenomenon of capillary action is primarily due to:
A.
Surface tension and cohesion
B.
Surface tension and adhesion
C.
Viscosity and density
D.
Gravity and pressure
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Solution
Capillary action occurs due to the combination of surface tension (which pulls the liquid up) and adhesion (which attracts the liquid to the walls of the tube).
Correct Answer: B — Surface tension and adhesion
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Q. The phenomenon of liquid rising in a narrow tube is known as?
A.
Surface tension
B.
Capillarity
C.
Viscosity
D.
Hydrostatic pressure
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Solution
The phenomenon of liquid rising in a narrow tube is called capillarity.
Correct Answer: B — Capillarity
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Q. The shape of a soap bubble is spherical because:
A.
It minimizes volume
B.
It maximizes surface area
C.
It minimizes surface area for a given volume
D.
It is the only stable shape
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Solution
A soap bubble adopts a spherical shape because it minimizes the surface area for a given volume, which is energetically favorable due to surface tension.
Correct Answer: C — It minimizes surface area for a given volume
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Q. The surface tension of a liquid can be measured using which of the following methods?
A.
Barometer method
B.
Capillary rise method
C.
Hydrometer method
D.
Manometer method
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Solution
The capillary rise method is commonly used to measure surface tension by observing the height to which a liquid rises in a capillary tube.
Correct Answer: B — Capillary rise method
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Q. What does the term 'surface tension' refer to?
A.
Force per unit area
B.
Energy required to increase surface area
C.
Weight of a fluid
D.
Density of a liquid
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Solution
Surface tension is the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid due to intermolecular forces.
Correct Answer: B — Energy required to increase surface area
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Q. What effect does adding salt to water have on its viscosity?
A.
Increases viscosity
B.
Decreases viscosity
C.
No effect
D.
Varies with concentration
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Solution
Adding salt to water generally increases its viscosity.
Correct Answer: A — Increases viscosity
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Q. What happens to the density of a gas when it is compressed at constant temperature?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
According to the ideal gas law, compressing a gas at constant temperature increases its density.
Correct Answer: A — Increases
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Q. What happens to the pressure in a fluid as depth increases?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Varies randomly
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Solution
In a fluid at rest, pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above.
Correct Answer: A — Increases
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Q. What happens to the surface tension of a liquid when a surfactant is added?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains the same
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
Surfactants lower the surface tension of liquids by disrupting cohesive forces between molecules.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. What happens to the surface tension of water as temperature increases?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
The surface tension of water decreases as temperature increases.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. What happens to the surface tension of water when a small amount of soap is added?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains the same
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
Adding soap decreases the surface tension of water because soap molecules disrupt the cohesive forces between water molecules.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. What happens to the surface tension of water when a surfactant is added?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains the same
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
Adding a surfactant decreases the surface tension of water by disrupting the cohesive forces between water molecules.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. What happens to the surface tension of water when soap is added?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains the same
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
Adding soap to water decreases its surface tension because soap molecules disrupt the cohesive forces between water molecules.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. What happens to the surface tension of water when temperature increases?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
The surface tension of water decreases with an increase in temperature.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. What happens to the viscosity of a gas as temperature increases?
A.
Viscosity decreases
B.
Viscosity increases
C.
Viscosity remains constant
D.
Viscosity fluctuates
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Solution
For gases, viscosity increases with an increase in temperature due to increased molecular activity and collisions.
Correct Answer: B — Viscosity increases
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Q. What happens to the viscosity of a liquid as temperature increases?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Varies unpredictably
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Solution
As temperature increases, the viscosity of a liquid generally decreases because the increased thermal energy allows the molecules to move more freely.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. What happens to the viscosity of gases with an increase in temperature?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Varies randomly
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Solution
The viscosity of gases increases with an increase in temperature due to increased molecular motion.
Correct Answer: A — Increases
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Q. What happens to the Young's modulus of a material as temperature increases?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
Generally, the Young's modulus of materials decreases with an increase in temperature.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. What happens to the Young's modulus of a material when it is heated?
A.
It increases
B.
It decreases
C.
It remains constant
D.
It becomes zero
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Solution
Generally, the Young's modulus of a material decreases when it is heated due to increased atomic vibrations.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases
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Q. What is Poisson's ratio?
A.
Lateral strain/Longitudinal strain
B.
Longitudinal strain/Lateral strain
C.
Stress/Strain
D.
Strain/Stress
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Solution
Poisson's ratio (ν) is defined as the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain.
Correct Answer: A — Lateral strain/Longitudinal strain
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Q. What is surface tension?
A.
Force per unit length
B.
Energy per unit area
C.
Pressure difference
D.
Viscosity of a liquid
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Solution
Surface tension is defined as the force acting along the surface of a liquid per unit length.
Correct Answer: A — Force per unit length
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Q. What is the bulk modulus of a material?
A.
Resistance to shear deformation
B.
Resistance to volume change
C.
Resistance to bending
D.
Resistance to tensile stress
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Solution
The bulk modulus measures a material's resistance to uniform compression, indicating how much it resists volume change.
Correct Answer: B — Resistance to volume change
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