Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are major contributors to smog formation, especially in urban areas.

Ozone at ground level is a major component of smog, formed by the reaction of sunlight with pollutants.

Nitrogen Dioxide is a major contributor to the formation of smog, particularly in urban areas.

Sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the main pollutants that contribute to the formation of acid rain.

Nitrogen dioxide is a key contributor to the formation of smog, especially in urban areas.

Nylon is known for its high tensile strength and is commonly used in textiles and ropes.

Nylon-6,6 is produced by condensation polymerization, involving the reaction of diamines and dicarboxylic acids.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is commonly used in the production of plastic bottles.

Polyisoprene is a key polymer used in the production of synthetic rubber.

Dissolving salt in water is a spontaneous process at standard conditions, resulting in a negative ΔG.

Photosynthesis is an endothermic process that requires energy, resulting in a positive ΔG.

In an adiabatic process, the system does not exchange heat with its surroundings, leading to a change in temperature.

An adiabatic process is one in which no heat is exchanged with the surroundings, such as compressing a gas without heat exchange.

An adiabatic process is one in which no heat is exchanged with the surroundings, such as compressing a gas in a piston without heat exchange.

Melting ice at 0°C is an isothermal process as the temperature remains constant during the phase change.

Sublimation of dry ice (solid CO2) to gas increases disorder, resulting in a positive change in entropy.

Sublimation of dry ice (solid CO2) to gas increases entropy as the gas phase has higher disorder than the solid phase.

An isobaric process is characterized by constant pressure.

Dissolving salt in water is an endothermic process that increases the disorder of the system, thus increasing entropy.

Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water absorbs heat, making it an endothermic process.

The combustion of methane is an exothermic process, releasing heat.

Sublimation of solid iodine to gas involves a phase change from solid to gas, which has a significant increase in disorder, thus the largest increase in entropy.

Free expansion of gas is an irreversible process that leads to an increase in entropy as the gas expands into a vacuum.

Allowing a gas to expand slowly while maintaining constant temperature is an isothermal process.

A static process does not involve any change in state variables, hence it is not considered a thermodynamic process.

All the listed processes are governed by the First Law of Thermodynamics, so the answer is 'None of the above'.

A spontaneous process at constant temperature and pressure is characterized by an increase in entropy.

Synthetic rubber is produced through polymerization of monomers such as butadiene and styrene.

Isobaric heating increases the temperature and volume of the gas, leading to an increase in entropy.

Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.