The atomic mass of Oxygen is approximately 16 u.

The atomic mass of Sodium (Na) is approximately 22.99 u.

The atomic number of Carbon is 6, which is the number of protons in its nucleus.

The atomic number of Oxygen is 8.

Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are their basic building blocks.

The boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure is 100°C.

The boiling point of alcohols increases with molecular weight due to stronger hydrogen bonding.

Primary amines have higher boiling points than secondary and tertiary amines due to stronger hydrogen bonding.

Alcohols have higher boiling points than alkanes due to hydrogen bonding.

Amines have higher boiling points than alkanes due to hydrogen bonding.

Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than alcohols due to stronger hydrogen bonding.

Primary amines have higher boiling points due to stronger hydrogen bonding compared to secondary and tertiary amines.

The bond angle in methane (CH4) is approximately 109.5 degrees due to its tetrahedral geometry.

The standard cell potential of a Daniell cell is 1.10 V.

Using the Nernst equation, E = E° - (RT/nF)lnQ, we find E ≈ 1.0 V.

For an isothermal process, the change in internal energy ΔU = 0 for an ideal gas.

For an isothermal process, the change in internal energy (ΔU) for an ideal gas is zero, as ΔU depends only on temperature.

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, the internal energy remains constant, hence the change in internal energy is zero.

At constant volume, the change in internal energy (ΔU) is equal to the heat added (Q). Therefore, ΔU = Q.

The chemical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl.

Table salt is chemically known as sodium chloride, which has the formula NaCl.

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ is typically blue due to the d-d transitions of the copper ion in an octahedral field.

Alkaline earth metals commonly exhibit a +2 oxidation state.

Group 1 elements commonly exhibit an oxidation state of +1.

Group 13 elements commonly exhibit a +3 oxidation state due to the loss of three valence electrons.

In ammonia (NH3), nitrogen has an oxidation state of -3.

Moles of NaCl = 58.5 g / 58.5 g/mol = 1 mole. Molarity = 1 mole / 1 L = 1 M.

Moles of NaOH = 5 g / 40 g/mol = 0.125 mol. Molarity = 0.125 mol / 0.25 L = 0.5 M.

Concentration of H+ = 10^(-pH) = 10^(-3) = 0.001 M.

[H+] = 10^(-pH) = 10^(-4) = 0.0001 M.