Qualitative Analysis of Ions
Q. In electrophoresis, what property of ions is primarily utilized for separation?
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A.
Mass
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B.
Charge
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C.
Solubility
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D.
Size
Solution
Electrophoresis separates ions based on their charge, allowing them to migrate in an electric field.
Correct Answer: B — Charge
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Q. In flame tests, which color indicates the presence of sodium ions?
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A.
Green
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B.
Red
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C.
Yellow
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D.
Blue
Solution
Sodium ions produce a bright yellow flame when subjected to a flame test.
Correct Answer: C — Yellow
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Q. In qualitative analysis, which reagent is commonly used to test for the presence of sulfate ions?
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A.
Barium chloride
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B.
Silver nitrate
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C.
Hydrochloric acid
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D.
Sodium hydroxide
Solution
Barium chloride is used to test for sulfate ions, forming a white precipitate of barium sulfate.
Correct Answer: A — Barium chloride
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Q. What is the primary purpose of qualitative analysis in analytical chemistry?
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A.
To determine the concentration of a substance
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B.
To identify the components of a mixture
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C.
To measure the physical properties of a substance
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D.
To quantify the reaction rate
Solution
Qualitative analysis is focused on identifying the components present in a sample rather than quantifying them.
Correct Answer: B — To identify the components of a mixture
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Q. What is the principle behind electrophoresis in qualitative analysis?
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A.
Separation based on boiling point
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B.
Separation based on charge and size
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C.
Separation based on solubility
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D.
Separation based on density
Solution
Electrophoresis separates charged particles based on their size and charge when an electric field is applied.
Correct Answer: B — Separation based on charge and size
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Q. What is the principle behind using UV-Vis spectroscopy for qualitative analysis?
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A.
It measures the mass of ions
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B.
It detects the color of the solution
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C.
It identifies functional groups based on absorbance
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D.
It separates ions based on charge
Solution
UV-Vis spectroscopy identifies compounds by measuring the absorbance of light at specific wavelengths, which correlates with functional groups.
Correct Answer: C — It identifies functional groups based on absorbance
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Q. What is the purpose of a titration in qualitative analysis?
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A.
To determine the molecular weight of a compound
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B.
To identify the endpoint of a reaction
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C.
To measure the boiling point of a solution
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D.
To separate components of a mixture
Solution
Titration is used to identify the endpoint of a reaction, which can indicate the presence of specific ions.
Correct Answer: B — To identify the endpoint of a reaction
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Q. What is the role of a reagent in a qualitative analysis?
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A.
To increase the temperature of the reaction
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B.
To change the color of the solution
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C.
To provide a specific reaction with the target ion
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D.
To dilute the sample
Solution
Reagents are used to react with specific ions to produce observable changes, aiding in their identification.
Correct Answer: C — To provide a specific reaction with the target ion
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Q. Which ion is indicated by a blue precipitate when treated with sodium hydroxide?
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A.
Copper(II)
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B.
Iron(III)
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C.
Lead(II)
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D.
Zinc
Solution
Copper(II) ions form a blue precipitate of copper(II) hydroxide when treated with sodium hydroxide.
Correct Answer: A — Copper(II)
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Q. Which of the following is a common method for detecting cations in a solution?
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A.
Spectrophotometry
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B.
Electrophoresis
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C.
Precipitation reactions
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D.
Mass spectrometry
Solution
Precipitation reactions are often used to identify cations by forming insoluble compounds that can be observed.
Correct Answer: C — Precipitation reactions
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Q. Which of the following is a common method for detecting cations in qualitative analysis?
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A.
Mass Spectrometry
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B.
Infrared Spectroscopy
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C.
Precipitation Reactions
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D.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Solution
Precipitation reactions are often used to identify cations by forming insoluble compounds with specific reagents.
Correct Answer: C — Precipitation Reactions
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Q. Which of the following techniques can be used to confirm the presence of chloride ions?
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A.
Barium chloride test
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B.
Silver nitrate test
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C.
Sodium hydroxide test
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D.
Calcium carbonate test
Solution
The silver nitrate test is a classic method for confirming the presence of chloride ions, producing a white precipitate of silver chloride.
Correct Answer: B — Silver nitrate test
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Q. Which spectroscopy technique is most suitable for identifying functional groups in organic compounds?
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A.
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
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B.
NMR Spectroscopy
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C.
Mass Spectrometry
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D.
Infrared Spectroscopy
Solution
Infrared Spectroscopy is effective for identifying functional groups due to the characteristic absorption of molecular vibrations.
Correct Answer: D — Infrared Spectroscopy
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Q. Which technique is commonly used for the qualitative analysis of anions?
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A.
Gas Chromatography
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B.
Thin Layer Chromatography
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C.
Ion Chromatography
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D.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Solution
Ion Chromatography is specifically designed for the separation and identification of ions in a solution.
Correct Answer: C — Ion Chromatography
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