Kinetic Theory of Gases
Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 400 m/s, what is the speed of the molecules in terms of average speed?
A.
400 m/s
B.
300 m/s
C.
500 m/s
D.
600 m/s
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Solution
The average speed of gas molecules is approximately 0.8 times the RMS speed, so average speed = 0.8 * 400 m/s = 320 m/s.
Correct Answer: B — 300 m/s
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 500 m/s, what is the speed of the gas molecules at 1/2 of the RMS speed?
A.
250 m/s
B.
500 m/s
C.
1000 m/s
D.
125 m/s
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Solution
The speed at 1/2 of the RMS speed is simply 500 m/s / 2 = 250 m/s.
Correct Answer: A — 250 m/s
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 500 m/s, what is the speed of the gas molecules in terms of average speed?
A.
500 m/s
B.
250 m/s
C.
400 m/s
D.
600 m/s
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Solution
The average speed of gas molecules is related to the RMS speed by the relation v_avg = (v_rms * sqrt(8/3)). Therefore, the average speed is approximately 400 m/s.
Correct Answer: C — 400 m/s
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 500 m/s, what is the speed of the molecules in the gas?
A.
500 m/s
B.
250 m/s
C.
1000 m/s
D.
It varies
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Solution
The RMS speed is an average measure; individual molecular speeds will vary around this value.
Correct Answer: D — It varies
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 500 m/s, what is the temperature if the molar mass is 0.028 kg/mol?
A.
200 K
B.
300 K
C.
400 K
D.
500 K
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Solution
Using v_rms = sqrt(3RT/M), we rearrange to find T = (v_rms^2 * M) / (3R). Plugging in values gives T approximately 300 K.
Correct Answer: B — 300 K
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Q. If the temperature of a gas is doubled at constant volume, what happens to the pressure?
A.
It doubles
B.
It halves
C.
It remains the same
D.
It quadruples
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Solution
According to Gay-Lussac's Law, if the temperature of a gas is increased while keeping the volume constant, the pressure will also increase proportionally, thus it doubles.
Correct Answer: A — It doubles
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Q. If the temperature of a gas is doubled, how does its RMS speed change?
A.
Increases by a factor of sqrt(2)
B.
Increases by a factor of 2
C.
Increases by a factor of 4
D.
Remains the same
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Solution
The RMS speed is proportional to the square root of the temperature. If the temperature is doubled, the RMS speed increases by a factor of sqrt(2).
Correct Answer: A — Increases by a factor of sqrt(2)
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Q. If the temperature of a gas is doubled, what happens to its RMS speed?
A.
Increases by a factor of sqrt(2)
B.
Increases by a factor of 2
C.
Increases by a factor of sqrt(3)
D.
Remains the same
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Solution
The RMS speed is proportional to the square root of the temperature. If the temperature is doubled, the RMS speed increases by a factor of sqrt(2).
Correct Answer: A — Increases by a factor of sqrt(2)
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Q. If the temperature of a gas is halved, what happens to its RMS speed?
A.
Increases by sqrt(2)
B.
Decreases by sqrt(2)
C.
Remains the same
D.
Decreases by 2
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Solution
RMS speed is directly proportional to the square root of temperature. Halving the temperature results in a decrease in RMS speed by sqrt(2).
Correct Answer: B — Decreases by sqrt(2)
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Q. If the temperature of a gas is increased from 200 K to 800 K, how does the RMS speed change?
A.
Increases by 2
B.
Increases by 4
C.
Increases by sqrt(4)
D.
Decreases by sqrt(4)
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Solution
RMS speed increases by sqrt(4) = 2, since v_rms is proportional to sqrt(T).
Correct Answer: C — Increases by sqrt(4)
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Q. If the temperature of a gas is increased from 300 K to 600 K, how does the RMS speed change?
A.
It doubles
B.
It increases by sqrt(2)
C.
It increases by sqrt(3)
D.
It remains the same
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Solution
RMS speed is proportional to the square root of temperature. Increasing from 300 K to 600 K increases the speed by sqrt(2).
Correct Answer: B — It increases by sqrt(2)
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Q. If the temperature of a gas is increased while keeping the volume constant, what happens to the pressure?
A.
Pressure decreases
B.
Pressure increases
C.
Pressure remains constant
D.
Pressure becomes zero
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Solution
According to Gay-Lussac's Law, if the temperature of a gas is increased while keeping the volume constant, the pressure increases.
Correct Answer: B — Pressure increases
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Q. If the temperature of an ideal gas is doubled at constant volume, what happens to the pressure?
A.
It remains the same
B.
It doubles
C.
It triples
D.
It quadruples
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Solution
According to Gay-Lussac's law, at constant volume, the pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. Therefore, if the temperature is doubled, the pressure also doubles.
Correct Answer: B — It doubles
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Q. If the temperature of an ideal gas is doubled at constant volume, what happens to the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules?
A.
It remains the same.
B.
It doubles.
C.
It triples.
D.
It halves.
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Solution
The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. Therefore, if the temperature is doubled, the average kinetic energy also doubles.
Correct Answer: B — It doubles.
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Q. If the temperature of an ideal gas is doubled while keeping the volume constant, what happens to the pressure?
A.
It remains the same.
B.
It doubles.
C.
It triples.
D.
It halves.
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Solution
According to Gay-Lussac's law, if the volume is constant, the pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. Therefore, doubling the temperature doubles the pressure.
Correct Answer: B — It doubles.
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Q. If the volume of a gas is doubled while keeping the temperature constant, what happens to the pressure?
A.
It doubles
B.
It halves
C.
It remains the same
D.
It quadruples
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Solution
According to Boyle's Law, if the volume is doubled, the pressure is halved.
Correct Answer: B — It halves
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Q. If the volume of a gas is halved while keeping the temperature constant, what happens to the pressure?
A.
Pressure is halved
B.
Pressure remains constant
C.
Pressure doubles
D.
Pressure quadruples
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Solution
According to Boyle's Law, if the volume of a gas is halved at constant temperature, the pressure will double.
Correct Answer: C — Pressure doubles
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Q. In a closed container, if the temperature of a gas is increased, what happens to the pressure if the volume is constant?
A.
Pressure decreases
B.
Pressure increases
C.
Pressure remains constant
D.
Pressure becomes zero
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Solution
According to Gay-Lussac's Law, if the volume is constant, increasing the temperature increases the pressure.
Correct Answer: B — Pressure increases
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Q. In a closed container, if the temperature of a gas is increased, what happens to the pressure?
A.
It decreases
B.
It increases
C.
It remains constant
D.
It becomes zero
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Solution
According to Gay-Lussac's Law, if the temperature of a gas increases in a closed container, the pressure increases.
Correct Answer: B — It increases
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Q. In a gas mixture, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. This is known as:
A.
Dalton's Law
B.
Boyle's Law
C.
Charles's Law
D.
Ideal Gas Law
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Solution
This principle is known as Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures.
Correct Answer: A — Dalton's Law
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Q. In a gas mixture, what is the partial pressure of a gas?
A.
Total pressure of the mixture
B.
Pressure exerted by the gas alone
C.
Pressure exerted by all gases
D.
Pressure at absolute zero
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Solution
The partial pressure of a gas in a mixture is the pressure that gas would exert if it occupied the entire volume alone.
Correct Answer: B — Pressure exerted by the gas alone
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Q. In a gas mixture, which law can be used to find the total pressure exerted by the gases?
A.
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
B.
Boyle's Law
C.
Charles's Law
D.
Ideal Gas Law
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Solution
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas.
Correct Answer: A — Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
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Q. In a gas, if the volume is halved while keeping the temperature constant, what happens to the pressure?
A.
It remains the same.
B.
It doubles.
C.
It halves.
D.
It quadruples.
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Solution
According to Boyle's Law, if the volume is halved while keeping the temperature constant, the pressure doubles.
Correct Answer: B — It doubles.
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Q. In a gas, the distribution of molecular speeds is described by which law?
A.
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
B.
Bernoulli's principle
C.
Boyle's law
D.
Charles's law
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Solution
The distribution of molecular speeds in a gas is described by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.
Correct Answer: A — Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
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Q. In a gas, the mean free path is defined as the average distance traveled by a molecule between collisions. Which factor does NOT affect the mean free path?
A.
Temperature
B.
Pressure
C.
Molecular diameter
D.
Color of the gas
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Solution
The mean free path is affected by temperature, pressure, and molecular diameter, but not by the color of the gas.
Correct Answer: D — Color of the gas
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Q. In a mixture of gases, how does the RMS speed depend on the individual gas components?
A.
It depends only on the lightest gas
B.
It is the weighted average of the RMS speeds of the components
C.
It is the sum of the RMS speeds of the components
D.
It is independent of the gas components
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Solution
The RMS speed of a mixture of gases is the weighted average of the RMS speeds of the individual components, taking into account their molar masses.
Correct Answer: B — It is the weighted average of the RMS speeds of the components
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Q. In a mixture of gases, how is the RMS speed of the mixture calculated?
A.
Using the average molar mass of the mixture
B.
Using the molar mass of the heaviest gas
C.
Using the molar mass of the lightest gas
D.
It cannot be calculated
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Solution
The RMS speed of a mixture of gases is calculated using the average molar mass of the mixture in the formula v_rms = sqrt((3RT)/M_avg).
Correct Answer: A — Using the average molar mass of the mixture
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Q. In a thermodynamic process, if the pressure of a gas is held constant and the volume decreases, what happens to the temperature?
A.
It increases
B.
It decreases
C.
It remains constant
D.
It becomes negative
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Solution
According to Gay-Lussac's Law, if the volume decreases at constant pressure, the temperature must increase.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases
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Q. In an ideal gas, the average kinetic energy of a molecule is directly proportional to which of the following?
A.
Pressure
B.
Volume
C.
Temperature
D.
Number of molecules
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Solution
The average kinetic energy of a molecule in an ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas, given by the formula KE_avg = (3/2)kT.
Correct Answer: C — Temperature
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Q. In an ideal gas, the average kinetic energy of a molecule is directly proportional to:
A.
Pressure
B.
Volume
C.
Temperature
D.
Density
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Solution
The average kinetic energy of a molecule in an ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (T) of the gas.
Correct Answer: C — Temperature
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