According to Gauss's law, the electric flux through a closed surface is Φ = Q_enc/ε₀. Here, Q_enc = -3Q, so Φ = -3Q/ε₀.

According to Gauss's law, the electric flux Φ through a closed surface is given by Φ = Q/ε₀.

According to Gauss's law, if there is no charge enclosed, the electric flux through the surface is zero.

In a uniform electric field, the relationship is given by E = -dV/dx, indicating that the electric field points in the direction of decreasing potential.

The electric field is the negative gradient of the electric potential, E = -dV/dx.

The electric field just outside a charged conductor is given by E = σ/ε₀.

The total electric flux through a closed surface is given by Φ = Q_enc/ε₀, where Q_enc is the enclosed charge.