What is the relationship between Gibbs free energy (G) and spontaneity of a reaction?

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Q: What is the relationship between Gibbs free energy (G) and spontaneity of a reaction?

Solution: A negative Gibbs free energy change (G < 0) indicates that a reaction is spontaneous.

Steps: 5

Step 1: Understand what Gibbs free energy (G) is. It is a measure of the energy available to do work in a system at constant temperature and pressure.
Step 2: Learn about spontaneity. A spontaneous reaction is one that occurs naturally without needing to be driven by an external force.
Step 3: Know the relationship: The change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) during a reaction tells us if the reaction is spontaneous.
Step 4: If ΔG is less than 0 (ΔG < 0), it means the reaction can happen on its own, so it is spontaneous.
Step 5: If ΔG is greater than or equal to 0 (ΔG ≥ 0), the reaction is not spontaneous and may need external energy to occur.