Q1. The heat capacity at constant volume is defined as: (2023)
Solution:
The heat capacity at constant volume (C_v) is defined as the amount of heat added to the system divided by the change in temperature at constant volume.
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Q2. In a closed system, if the internal energy increases, what can be said about the work done and heat added? (2020)
Solution:
According to the first law of thermodynamics, if the internal energy increases, it implies that either work is done on the system or heat is added to the system.
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Q3. Which law states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases? (2021)
Solution:
The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system will always increase over time.
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Q4. The work done by an ideal gas during an isothermal expansion is given by which formula? (2023)
Solution:
The work done by an ideal gas during an isothermal expansion is given by W = nRT ln(Vf/Vi), where Vf and Vi are the final and initial volumes.
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Q5. Which of the following processes is an example of an isochoric process? (2023)
Solution:
An isochoric process is one where the volume remains constant, such as heating a gas in a closed container.
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Q6. Which of the following statements is true regarding an ideal gas? (2022)
Solution:
An ideal gas is considered to have no volume and no intermolecular forces, making option D correct.
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Q7. What is the term for the heat required to change a substance from solid to liquid at constant temperature? (2019)
Solution:
The heat required to change a substance from solid to liquid at constant temperature is called the latent heat of fusion.
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Q8. What happens to the internal energy of an ideal gas during an isothermal expansion? (2021)
Solution:
During an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, the internal energy remains constant because the temperature does not change.
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Q9. In a closed system, if the internal energy increases, what can be said about the heat and work done? (2020)
Solution:
According to the first law of thermodynamics, if the internal energy increases, it implies that heat is added to the system and/or work is done on the system.
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Q10. The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on: (2022)
Solution:
The efficiency of a Carnot engine is determined by the temperatures of both the hot and cold reservoirs, given by the formula η = 1 - (T_c/T_h).
