Thermal Physics - Thermodynamics

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Q1. What is the term for the heat required to change a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point? (2019)

Solution:

The heat required to change a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point is called the latent heat of fusion.

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Q2. Which law states that the entropy of an isolated system never decreases? (2021)

Solution:

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system never decreases over time.

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Q3. Which law states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases? (2021)

Solution:

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system will always increase over time.

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Q4. What happens to the internal energy of an ideal gas during an isothermal expansion? (2021)

Solution:

During an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, the internal energy remains constant because the temperature does not change.

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Q5. The specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of: (2023)

Solution:

The specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1°C.

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Q6. What is the term for the heat required to change a substance from solid to liquid at constant temperature? (2019)

Solution:

The heat required to change a substance from solid to liquid at constant temperature is called the latent heat of fusion.

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Q7. What is the work done on a gas during an isothermal compression? (2019)

Solution:

The work done on a gas during isothermal compression is positive, as work is done on the gas to compress it.

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Q8. The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of: (2023)

Solution:

The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of work done by the engine to the heat absorbed from the hot reservoir.

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Q9. The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on: (2022)

Solution:

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is determined by the temperatures of both the hot and cold reservoirs, given by the formula η = 1 - (T_c/T_h).

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Q10. Which of the following statements is true regarding an ideal gas? (2022)

Solution:

An ideal gas is considered to have no volume and no intermolecular forces, making option D correct.