Genetics & Evolution - Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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Q1. Which of the following processes involves the transfer of genetic material between bacteria? (2022)

Solution:

Transformation is the process by which bacteria take up foreign DNA from their environment.

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Q2. What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis? (2021)

Solution:

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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Q3. What is the process by which DNA is copied? (2021)

Solution:

Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.

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Q4. Which of the following processes involves the conversion of mRNA into a protein? (2022)

Solution:

Translation is the process where mRNA is decoded to produce a protein.

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Q5. What is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules? (2021)

Solution:

Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.

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Q6. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic genes? (2023)

Solution:

Eukaryotic genes often contain introns, which are non-coding sequences that are removed during RNA processing.

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Q7. What is the role of helicase in DNA replication? (2022)

Solution:

Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication.

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Q8. Which scientist is known for the discovery of the structure of DNA? (2017)

Solution:

James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.

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Q9. What is the structure of DNA described as? (2022)

Solution:

DNA is described as a double helix, consisting of two strands that wind around each other.

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Q10. What is the function of ribosomes in a cell? (2023)

Solution:

Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis.