Q1. What is the role of mutations in evolution? (2018)
Solution:
Mutations provide genetic variation, which is essential for evolution as it introduces new traits that may be subject to natural selection.
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Q2. Which scientist is known for the theory of punctuated equilibrium? (1972)
Solution:
Stephen Jay Gould, along with Niles Eldredge, proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium, which suggests that species remain relatively stable for long periods and then undergo rapid changes.
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Q3. What is genetic drift? (2015)
Solution:
Genetic drift refers to changes in allele frequencies in a population due to random sampling of organisms, which can lead to significant changes over time, especially in small populations.
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Q4. Which of the following is an example of adaptive radiation? (1970)
Solution:
Adaptive radiation refers to the rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor, exemplified by the finches in the Galapagos Islands.
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Q5. The theory that explains the gradual change in species over time is known as? (1972)
Solution:
Gradualism is the theory that evolution occurs slowly and steadily over long periods of time.
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Q6. What is the term for the evolutionary process where one species evolves into multiple species to adapt to different environments?
Solution:
Adaptive radiation is the evolutionary process where one ancestral species diversifies into multiple species to adapt to various environments.
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Q7. Which of the following best describes the concept of 'survival of the fittest'?
Solution:
'Survival of the fittest' refers to the idea that those individuals best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
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Q8. Which of the following is a mechanism of evolution that involves the movement of individuals between populations? (1960)
Solution:
Gene flow is the mechanism of evolution that involves the transfer of genetic material between populations through migration.
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Q9. The concept of 'survival of the fittest' is most closely associated with which evolutionary theory?
Solution:
'Survival of the fittest' is a phrase often associated with Darwinism, which emphasizes natural selection as a key mechanism of evolution.
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Q10. Which of the following is an example of artificial selection? (1995)
Solution:
Dog breeding is an example of artificial selection, where humans selectively breed animals for desired traits.
