Q1. What is the significance of the fossil record in understanding evolution?
Solution:
The fossil record is significant because it provides a chronological order of species appearance, helping to trace the evolutionary history of life on Earth.
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Q2. Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution? (1980)
Solution:
Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species evolve similar traits, as seen in whales and fish, which both have streamlined bodies for swimming.
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Q3. What is the role of genetic drift in evolution? (1930)
Solution:
Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that leads to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, particularly in small populations.
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Q4. What is the term for the genetic variation that occurs due to random changes in DNA? (1953)
Solution:
Mutation refers to random changes in DNA that can lead to genetic variation within a population, which is a key factor in evolution.
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Q5. Which of the following statements about evolution is true? (2000)
Solution:
Evolution can occur in response to environmental changes, allowing species to adapt to new conditions over time.
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Q6. What is the primary mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin?
Solution:
Charles Darwin proposed the mechanism of evolution known as Natural Selection, which explains how species adapt and evolve over time based on environmental pressures.
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Q7. The concept of 'survival of the fittest' is most closely associated with which evolutionary theory?
Solution:
'Survival of the fittest' is a phrase often associated with Darwinism, which emphasizes natural selection as a key mechanism of evolution.
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Q8. Which of the following best describes the term 'fitness' in an evolutionary context? (2005)
Solution:
In an evolutionary context, 'fitness' refers to an organism's reproductive success and its ability to pass on its genes to the next generation.
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Q9. The Hardy-Weinberg principle describes the genetic equilibrium in a population. Which of the following is NOT a condition for this equilibrium? (1908)
Solution:
Natural selection is not a condition for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; it actually disrupts genetic equilibrium by favoring certain alleles over others.
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Q10. Which of the following best describes the process of adaptive radiation? (1959)
Solution:
Adaptive radiation refers to the rapid evolution of many species from a common ancestor, often in response to new environmental opportunities.
