Q1. Which of the following is a common vector used in genetic engineering? (2019)
Solution:
Plasmids are commonly used as vectors to transfer genetic material into host cells in genetic engineering.
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Q2. What is the significance of the 'sticky ends' produced by restriction enzymes? (2023)
Solution:
Sticky ends are overhanging sequences produced by restriction enzymes that facilitate the ligation of DNA fragments by allowing complementary base pairing.
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Q3. What is the function of a promoter in a gene? (2023)
Solution:
A promoter is a DNA sequence that initiates transcription of a gene by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase.
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Q4. Which of the following is a characteristic of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)? (2023)
Solution:
GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques, often incorporating genes from other species.
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Q5. Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of cloning? (2020)
Solution:
Transcription is not a step in the cloning process; cloning involves isolation, transformation, and selection of clones.
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Q6. What is the function of the selectable marker gene in a recombinant DNA experiment? (2021)
Solution:
Selectable marker genes are used to identify cells that have successfully taken up the recombinant DNA, allowing researchers to select for those cells.
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Q7. What is the significance of the 'Golden Gate' cloning method? (2023)
Solution:
The 'Golden Gate' cloning method allows for the simultaneous insertion of multiple DNA fragments using a single restriction enzyme, making it efficient for constructing complex plasmids.
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Q8. What is the main advantage of using yeast as a host for cloning? (2023)
Solution:
Yeast, being a eukaryote, can perform post-translational modifications similar to higher organisms, making it advantageous for expressing eukaryotic proteins.
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Q9. Which organism is commonly used as a host for cloning human genes? (2022)
Solution:
E. coli is the most commonly used host for cloning human genes due to its rapid growth and well-understood genetics, but yeast and mice are also used in specific contexts.
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Q10. What is the function of the Taq polymerase in PCR? (2023)
Solution:
Taq polymerase is a heat-stable enzyme used in PCR to synthesize new DNA strands by extending primers during the amplification process.
