Q1. What is the function of a selectable marker in a cloning vector? (2023)
Solution:
Selectable markers are genes that confer resistance to antibiotics or other substances, allowing for the identification of cells that have successfully taken up the vector.
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Q2. Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of cloning? (2020)
Solution:
Transcription is not a step in the cloning process; cloning involves isolation, transformation, and selection of clones.
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Q3. What is the function of a promoter in a recombinant DNA molecule? (2023)
Solution:
A promoter is a DNA sequence that initiates transcription of a particular gene, allowing for gene expression.
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Q4. Which of the following is a method for introducing DNA into plant cells? (2023)
Solution:
All of the listed methods can be used to introduce DNA into plant cells, each with its own advantages and applications.
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Q5. What is the role of plasmids in genetic engineering? (2019)
Solution:
Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently and are commonly used as vectors to transfer genes into host cells in genetic engineering.
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Q6. Which organism is commonly used as a host for cloning human genes? (2022)
Solution:
E. coli is the most commonly used host for cloning human genes due to its rapid growth and well-understood genetics, but yeast and mice are also used in specific contexts.
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Q7. Which of the following is a characteristic of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)? (2023)
Solution:
GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques, often incorporating genes from other species.
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Q8. Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of recombinant DNA technology? (2020)
Solution:
Protein synthesis is not a step in recombinant DNA technology; the process focuses on manipulating DNA rather than directly synthesizing proteins.
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Q9. What is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes in biotechnology? (2020)
Solution:
Restriction enzymes are proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, which is essential for cloning and genetic engineering.
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Q10. Which of the following techniques is used to separate DNA fragments based on size? (2022)
Solution:
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size, allowing for analysis and purification of DNA.
