Q1. What is the purpose of using a DNA ligase in genetic engineering? (2023)
Solution:
DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, which is essential for creating recombinant DNA molecules in genetic engineering.
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Q2. Which of the following is a common vector used in genetic engineering? (2019)
Solution:
Plasmids are commonly used as vectors to transfer genetic material into host cells in genetic engineering.
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Q3. Which of the following is a method used for gene transfer in plants? (2021)
Solution:
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a widely used method for transferring genes into plant cells, making it a key technique in plant biotechnology.
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Q4. Which organism is commonly used as a host for cloning human genes? (2022)
Solution:
E. coli is the most commonly used host for cloning human genes due to its rapid growth and well-understood genetics, but yeast and mice are also used in specific contexts.
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Q5. What is the significance of the 'Golden Gate' cloning method? (2023)
Solution:
The 'Golden Gate' cloning method allows for the simultaneous insertion of multiple DNA fragments using a single restriction enzyme, making it efficient for constructing complex plasmids.
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Q6. Which of the following is a characteristic of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)? (2023)
Solution:
GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques, often incorporating genes from other species.
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Q7. Which of the following is a technique used for DNA sequencing? (2019)
Solution:
The Sanger method is a widely used technique for DNA sequencing, allowing for the determination of the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
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Q8. What is the significance of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in biotechnology? (2023)
Solution:
PCR is a technique that allows for the amplification of specific DNA sequences, making it a crucial tool in molecular biology and biotechnology.
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Q9. What is the function of the selectable marker gene in a recombinant DNA experiment? (2021)
Solution:
Selectable marker genes are used to identify cells that have successfully taken up the recombinant DNA, allowing researchers to select for those cells.
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Q10. What is the main advantage of using yeast as a host for cloning? (2023)
Solution:
Yeast, being a eukaryote, can perform post-translational modifications similar to higher organisms, making it advantageous for expressing eukaryotic proteins.
