Q1. Which of the following substituents is a strong electron-donating group that activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution?
Solution:
The hydroxyl group (-OH) is a strong electron-donating group that activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution.
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Q2. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions?
Solution:
A characteristic feature of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is the formation of a sigma complex (arenium ion) during the reaction.
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Q3. Which of the following is a common electrophile used in the nitration of benzene?
Solution:
The nitronium ion (NO2+) is the active electrophile in the nitration of benzene, generated from nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
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Q4. In the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene, which of the following is a potential problem?
Solution:
Polyalkylation can occur in Friedel-Crafts alkylation, leading to multiple alkyl groups being added to the benzene ring.
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Q5. What is the major product of the electrophilic substitution of benzene with bromine in the presence of FeBr3?
Solution:
The major product is bromobenzene, formed when bromine reacts with benzene in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst like FeBr3.
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Q6. Which of the following compounds is least reactive towards electrophilic substitution?
Solution:
Nitrobenzene is least reactive towards electrophilic substitution due to the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the nitro group, which deactivates the ring.
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Q7. What is the product of the Friedel-Crafts acylation of benzene with acetyl chloride (CH3COCl) in the presence of AlCl3?
Solution:
The product of the Friedel-Crafts acylation of benzene with acetyl chloride is acetophenone, formed by the introduction of the acetyl group onto the benzene ring.
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Q8. Which of the following compounds will undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution most readily?
Solution:
Toluene will undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution most readily due to the electron-donating effect of the methyl group.
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Q9. What is the mechanism of the nitration of benzene?
Solution:
The mechanism of nitration of benzene is electrophilic substitution, where the nitronium ion acts as the electrophile.
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Q10. What is the IUPAC name of the compound with the formula C6H5CH2OH?
Solution:
The IUPAC name of C6H5CH2OH is benzyl alcohol, which consists of a benzene ring attached to a -CH2OH group.
