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Q1. What type of mutation results in a change in a single nucleotide?
Solution:
A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.
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Q2. What is the primary purpose of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
Solution:
PCR is used to amplify specific DNA sequences, making millions of copies of a particular segment.
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Q3. Which of the following techniques is used to separate DNA fragments by size?
Solution:
Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size.
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Q4. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during PCR?
Solution:
Taq polymerase is a heat-stable enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands during the PCR process.
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Q5. What is the significance of the 'sticky ends' created by restriction enzymes?
Solution:
'Sticky ends' are overhanging sequences that facilitate the ligation of DNA fragments during cloning.
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Q6. In recombinant DNA technology, what is the role of a vector?
Solution:
Vectors are DNA molecules used to deliver foreign genetic material into a host cell for replication.
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Q7. What is the main purpose of cloning in biotechnology?
Solution:
Cloning is used to create genetically identical copies of an organism or specific cells.
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