Which substituent on a benzene ring is considered an electron-donating group?

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Q: Which substituent on a benzene ring is considered an electron-donating group?

Solution: The hydroxyl group (-OH) is an electron-donating group, which activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution.

Steps: 6

Step 1: Understand what a benzene ring is. It is a circular arrangement of six carbon atoms with alternating double bonds.
Step 2: Learn about substituents. These are groups of atoms that can replace a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring.
Step 3: Identify what an electron-donating group is. It is a substituent that can donate electrons to the benzene ring.
Step 4: Recognize the hydroxyl group (-OH). This group consists of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
Step 5: Understand that the hydroxyl group (-OH) donates electrons to the benzene ring, making it more reactive.
Step 6: Conclude that the hydroxyl group (-OH) is an example of an electron-donating group.