Which substituent on a benzene ring is a deactivating group for electrophilic su

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Question: Which substituent on a benzene ring is a deactivating group for electrophilic substitution?

Options:

Correct Answer: Nitro

Solution:

The nitro group (-NO2) is a strong deactivating group due to its electron-withdrawing nature, making the ring less reactive towards electrophiles.

Which substituent on a benzene ring is a deactivating group for electrophilic substitution?

Which substituent on a benzene ring is a deactivating group for electrophilic substitution?

Step 1: Understand what a benzene ring is. It is a circular arrangement of six carbon atoms with alternating double bonds.
Step 2: Learn about electrophilic substitution. This is a reaction where an electrophile (a positively charged species) replaces a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring.
Step 3: Identify what a substituent is. A substituent is a group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring.
Step 4: Know the difference between activating and deactivating groups. Activating groups make the benzene ring more reactive towards electrophiles, while deactivating groups make it less reactive.
Step 5: Recognize the nitro group (-NO2) as an example of a deactivating group. It pulls electrons away from the benzene ring.
Step 6: Conclude that the nitro group (-NO2) is a strong deactivating group because it decreases the reactivity of the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution.

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