Which of the following substituents is a strong electron-donating group that activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution?

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Q: Which of the following substituents is a strong electron-donating group that activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution?

Solution: The hydroxyl group (-OH) is a strong electron-donating group that activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution.

Steps: 6

Step 1: Understand what a substituent is. A substituent is a group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen atom on a benzene ring.
Step 2: Learn about electron-donating groups. These are groups that can donate electrons to the benzene ring, making it more reactive.
Step 3: Identify the hydroxyl group (-OH). This group consists of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
Step 4: Recognize that the hydroxyl group is a strong electron-donating group. It donates electrons to the benzene ring.
Step 5: Understand that when a substituent donates electrons, it activates the benzene ring for a reaction called electrophilic substitution.
Step 6: Conclude that the hydroxyl group (-OH) is a strong electron-donating group that activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution.