Which of the following is a common electrophile used in the nitration of benzene

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Question: Which of the following is a common electrophile used in the nitration of benzene?

Options:

Correct Answer: Nitronium ion (NO2+)

Solution:

The nitronium ion (NO2+) is the active electrophile in the nitration of benzene, generated from nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

Which of the following is a common electrophile used in the nitration of benzene?

Which of the following is a common electrophile used in the nitration of benzene?

Step 1: Understand what an electrophile is. An electrophile is a species that seeks electrons and can react with nucleophiles (electron-rich species).
Step 2: Know that nitration is a chemical reaction that introduces a nitro group (NO2) into a molecule, in this case, benzene.
Step 3: Identify the common electrophile used in the nitration of benzene. The nitronium ion (NO2+) is the electrophile that participates in this reaction.
Step 4: Learn how the nitronium ion is formed. It is generated from a mixture of nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
Step 5: Conclude that the nitronium ion (NO2+) is the active electrophile in the nitration of benzene.

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