Which of the following compounds will have the highest electron density at the o

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Question: Which of the following compounds will have the highest electron density at the ortho position due to +M effect?

Options:

Correct Answer: C6H5OH

Solution:

C6H5OH has the highest electron density at the ortho position due to the +M effect of the -OH group.

Which of the following compounds will have the highest electron density at the ortho position due to +M effect?

Which of the following compounds will have the highest electron density at the ortho position due to +M effect?

Step 1: Understand what the ortho position means. In a benzene ring, the ortho position refers to the two carbon atoms that are adjacent to a substituent group.
Step 2: Learn about the +M effect. The +M effect (or +I effect) refers to the ability of certain groups to donate electron density to the benzene ring, increasing the electron density at specific positions.
Step 3: Identify the substituent groups in the compounds. In this case, we are looking at C6H5OH, which has a -OH (hydroxyl) group.
Step 4: Determine how the -OH group affects electron density. The -OH group has a +M effect, meaning it donates electron density to the benzene ring.
Step 5: Analyze the ortho position. Because the -OH group is at one position on the benzene ring, it will increase the electron density at the ortho position (the two carbons next to it).
Step 6: Compare with other compounds. If other compounds do not have a substituent with a stronger +M effect than -OH, then C6H5OH will have the highest electron density at the ortho position.

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