What is the effect of the -M group on the stability of a carbocation?

What is the effect of the -M group on the stability of a carbocation?

Step 1: Understand what a carbocation is. A carbocation is a positively charged carbon atom that has only six electrons in its outer shell instead of the usual eight.
Step 2: Learn about -M groups. -M groups are electron-withdrawing groups that pull electron density away from the rest of the molecule.
Step 3: Recognize how -M groups affect carbocations. When a -M group is attached to a carbocation, it pulls away electron density from the positively charged carbon.
Step 4: Realize that pulling away electron density makes the carbocation less stable. A stable carbocation needs more electron density to help balance the positive charge.
Step 5: Conclude that -M groups destabilize carbocations because they reduce the electron density that can help stabilize the positive charge.

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