What is the effect of substituents on the reactivity of aromatic compounds in electrophilic substitution?
Practice Questions
1 question
Q1
What is the effect of substituents on the reactivity of aromatic compounds in electrophilic substitution?
All substituents deactivate the ring.
Electron-donating groups activate the ring.
Electron-withdrawing groups have no effect.
All substituents direct to the meta position.
Electron-donating groups activate the aromatic ring, making it more reactive towards electrophilic substitution.
Questions & Step-by-step Solutions
1 item
Q
Q: What is the effect of substituents on the reactivity of aromatic compounds in electrophilic substitution?
Solution: Electron-donating groups activate the aromatic ring, making it more reactive towards electrophilic substitution.
Steps: 6
Step 1: Understand what aromatic compounds are. They are special types of cyclic compounds that have a ring structure with alternating double bonds.
Step 2: Learn about electrophilic substitution. This is a chemical reaction where an electrophile (a positively charged species) replaces a hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring.
Step 3: Identify what substituents are. Substituents are groups of atoms that are attached to the aromatic ring and can influence its reactivity.
Step 4: Know the difference between electron-donating groups and electron-withdrawing groups. Electron-donating groups push electrons towards the ring, while electron-withdrawing groups pull electrons away from the ring.
Step 5: Realize that electron-donating groups activate the aromatic ring. This means they make the ring more reactive towards electrophiles, making substitution easier.
Step 6: Understand that electron-withdrawing groups deactivate the aromatic ring. This means they make the ring less reactive towards electrophiles, making substitution harder.
