For a spontaneous process, the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is:

For a spontaneous process, the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is:

Correct Answer: negative

Step 1: Understand what a spontaneous process is. A spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally without needing to be driven by an external force.
Step 2: Learn about Gibbs free energy (ΔG). Gibbs free energy is a measure of the energy available to do work in a system.
Step 3: Know the relationship between spontaneity and ΔG. For a process to be spontaneous, it must release energy.
Step 4: Recognize that when ΔG is negative, it indicates that the process can occur spontaneously.
Step 5: Conclude that if ΔG is positive or zero, the process is not spontaneous.

Gibbs Free Energy – Gibbs free energy (G) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work obtainable from a thermodynamic system at constant temperature and pressure.
Spontaneous Processes – A spontaneous process is one that occurs without needing to be driven by an external force, typically characterized by a negative change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG < 0).