Step 1: Understand that semiconductors are materials that can conduct electricity under certain conditions.
Step 2: Know that electrons in a semiconductor can exist in different energy levels or bands.
Step 3: Identify the two main bands: the valence band (where electrons are normally present) and the conduction band (where electrons can move freely and conduct electricity).
Step 4: Recognize that the energy band gap is the energy difference between the valence band and the conduction band.
Step 5: Realize that to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band, energy must be supplied to overcome this gap.
Step 6: Conclude that the energy band gap determines how easily a semiconductor can conduct electricity.
