What is the space complexity of BFS using an adjacency list representation?

What is the space complexity of BFS using an adjacency list representation?

Step 1: Understand that BFS (Breadth-First Search) is an algorithm used to explore nodes in a graph.
Step 2: Know that in BFS, we use a queue to keep track of the nodes we need to visit next.
Step 3: Realize that we also need a 'visited' list to keep track of which nodes have already been explored.
Step 4: Identify that the number of vertices (nodes) in the graph is represented by 'V'.
Step 5: Understand that both the queue and the visited list can grow to the size of the number of vertices, which is 'V'.
Step 6: Conclude that the space used by the queue and the visited list together leads to a total space complexity of O(V).

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