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Identify the sentence that is logically inconsistent: 1. All birds can fly. 2. P

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Question: Identify the sentence that is logically inconsistent: 1. All birds can fly. 2. Penguins are birds. 3. Penguins cannot fly. 4. Therefore, some birds cannot fly. (2023)

Options:

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4

Correct Answer: 1

Exam Year: 2023

Solution: 

The first statement is logically inconsistent because it contradicts the existence of flightless birds like penguins.

Identify the sentence that is logically inconsistent: 1. All birds can fly. 2. P

Practice Questions

Q1
Identify the sentence that is logically inconsistent: 1. All birds can fly. 2. Penguins are birds. 3. Penguins cannot fly. 4. Therefore, some birds cannot fly. (2023)
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4

Questions & Step-by-Step Solutions

Identify the sentence that is logically inconsistent: 1. All birds can fly. 2. Penguins are birds. 3. Penguins cannot fly. 4. Therefore, some birds cannot fly. (2023)
  • Step 1: Read the first statement: 'All birds can fly.' This means every single bird has the ability to fly.
  • Step 2: Read the second statement: 'Penguins are birds.' This tells us that penguins belong to the group of birds.
  • Step 3: Read the third statement: 'Penguins cannot fly.' This means that penguins do not have the ability to fly.
  • Step 4: Read the fourth statement: 'Therefore, some birds cannot fly.' This suggests that there are birds that do not have the ability to fly.
  • Step 5: Analyze the statements together: If all birds can fly (Step 1), then penguins, being birds (Step 2), should also be able to fly. However, if penguins cannot fly (Step 3), it contradicts the first statement.
  • Step 6: Conclude that the first statement is logically inconsistent because it contradicts the existence of flightless birds like penguins.
  • Logical Consistency – The ability of statements to coexist without contradiction.
  • Categorical Logic – Understanding relationships between categories, such as 'birds' and their characteristics.
  • Syllogism – A form of reasoning where a conclusion is drawn from two or more premises.
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