Identify the sentence that is logically inconsistent: 1. All birds can fly. 2. P
Practice Questions
Q1
Identify the sentence that is logically inconsistent: 1. All birds can fly. 2. Penguins are birds. 3. Penguins cannot fly. 4. Therefore, some birds cannot fly. (2023)
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Questions & Step-by-Step Solutions
Identify the sentence that is logically inconsistent: 1. All birds can fly. 2. Penguins are birds. 3. Penguins cannot fly. 4. Therefore, some birds cannot fly. (2023)
Step 1: Read the first statement: 'All birds can fly.' This means every single bird has the ability to fly.
Step 2: Read the second statement: 'Penguins are birds.' This tells us that penguins belong to the group of birds.
Step 3: Read the third statement: 'Penguins cannot fly.' This means that penguins do not have the ability to fly.
Step 4: Read the fourth statement: 'Therefore, some birds cannot fly.' This suggests that there are birds that do not have the ability to fly.
Step 5: Analyze the statements together: If all birds can fly (Step 1), then penguins, being birds (Step 2), should also be able to fly. However, if penguins cannot fly (Step 3), it contradicts the first statement.
Step 6: Conclude that the first statement is logically inconsistent because it contradicts the existence of flightless birds like penguins.
Logical Consistency – The ability of statements to coexist without contradiction.
Categorical Logic – Understanding relationships between categories, such as 'birds' and their characteristics.
Syllogism – A form of reasoning where a conclusion is drawn from two or more premises.
