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Identify the sentence that is logically inconsistent: 1. All birds can fly. 2. P

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Question: Identify the sentence that is logically inconsistent: 1. All birds can fly. 2. Penguins are birds. 3. Penguins cannot fly. 4. Therefore, penguins are not birds.

Options:

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4

Correct Answer: 4

Solution: 

The conclusion that \'penguins are not birds\' contradicts the premise that \'penguins are birds\'.

Identify the sentence that is logically inconsistent: 1. All birds can fly. 2. P

Practice Questions

Q1
Identify the sentence that is logically inconsistent: 1. All birds can fly. 2. Penguins are birds. 3. Penguins cannot fly. 4. Therefore, penguins are not birds.
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4

Questions & Step-by-Step Solutions

Identify the sentence that is logically inconsistent: 1. All birds can fly. 2. Penguins are birds. 3. Penguins cannot fly. 4. Therefore, penguins are not birds.
  • Step 1: Read the first sentence: 'All birds can fly.' This means every bird should be able to fly.
  • Step 2: Read the second sentence: 'Penguins are birds.' This means penguins belong to the group of birds.
  • Step 3: Read the third sentence: 'Penguins cannot fly.' This means penguins do not follow the rule that all birds can fly.
  • Step 4: Read the fourth sentence: 'Therefore, penguins are not birds.' This conclusion says that since penguins cannot fly, they cannot be birds.
  • Step 5: Identify the inconsistency: The second sentence says penguins are birds, but the fourth sentence says they are not. This is a contradiction.
  • Logical Consistency – Understanding how premises and conclusions relate to each other in terms of truth and validity.
  • Syllogism – Recognizing the structure of arguments and how conclusions are drawn from premises.
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