What happens to the light intensity when it passes through two polarizers aligne

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Question: What happens to the light intensity when it passes through two polarizers aligned at an angle of 30 degrees?

Options:

Correct Answer: It is reduced to three-fourths

Solution:

Using Malus\'s law, the transmitted intensity I = I_0 * cos²(θ). For θ = 30 degrees, I = I_0 * (√3/2)² = (3/4)I_0.

What happens to the light intensity when it passes through two polarizers aligned at an angle of 30 degrees?

What happens to the light intensity when it passes through two polarizers aligned at an angle of 30 degrees?

Step 1: Understand that light intensity is how bright the light is.
Step 2: Know that a polarizer is a tool that only allows light waves in a certain direction to pass through.
Step 3: When light passes through the first polarizer, it becomes polarized, meaning it is now only vibrating in one direction.
Step 4: The second polarizer is at an angle of 30 degrees to the first one.
Step 5: Use Malus's law, which tells us how much light passes through two polarizers. The formula is I = I_0 * cos²(θ), where I_0 is the initial intensity and θ is the angle between the two polarizers.
Step 6: Plug in the values: I_0 is the initial intensity, and θ is 30 degrees.
Step 7: Calculate cos(30 degrees), which is √3/2.
Step 8: Square the value: (√3/2)² = 3/4.
Step 9: Multiply the initial intensity I_0 by 3/4 to find the transmitted intensity: I = (3/4)I_0.
Step 10: Conclude that the light intensity after passing through both polarizers is (3/4) of the original intensity.

Malus's Law – Malus's Law describes how the intensity of polarized light changes as it passes through a polarizer, depending on the angle between the light's polarization direction and the polarizer's axis.