In which of the following processes does heat transfer occur without any medium?

In which of the following processes does heat transfer occur without any medium?

Step 1: Understand what heat transfer means. Heat transfer is how heat moves from one place to another.
Step 2: Learn about the three main ways heat can transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Step 3: Identify conduction. Conduction is heat transfer through direct contact between materials, so it needs a medium (like metal).
Step 4: Identify convection. Convection is heat transfer through fluids (liquids or gases) and also needs a medium (like air or water).
Step 5: Identify radiation. Radiation is heat transfer through electromagnetic waves and does not need a medium (it can happen in a vacuum).
Step 6: Conclude that radiation is the only process listed that allows heat transfer without any medium.

No concepts available.