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What is the primary cause of settlement in saturated clay soils?

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Question: What is the primary cause of settlement in saturated clay soils?

Options:

  1. Consolidation due to applied loads
  2. Soil erosion
  3. Soil compaction
  4. Frost heave

Correct Answer: Consolidation due to applied loads

Solution: 

Settlement in saturated clay soils primarily occurs due to consolidation, which is the process of volume reduction in soil due to the expulsion of water from the pores under applied loads.

What is the primary cause of settlement in saturated clay soils?

Practice Questions

Q1
What is the primary cause of settlement in saturated clay soils?
  1. Consolidation due to applied loads
  2. Soil erosion
  3. Soil compaction
  4. Frost heave

Questions & Step-by-Step Solutions

What is the primary cause of settlement in saturated clay soils?
  • Step 1: Understand that saturated clay soils are soils that are fully filled with water in their pores.
  • Step 2: Recognize that when a load (like a building) is placed on saturated clay, it pushes down on the soil.
  • Step 3: Know that the water in the soil cannot escape immediately when the load is applied.
  • Step 4: Realize that over time, the water will slowly be pushed out of the soil pores due to the pressure from the load.
  • Step 5: Understand that as the water leaves, the soil particles get closer together, causing the soil to shrink or settle.
  • Step 6: Conclude that this process of water being expelled and the soil volume reducing is called consolidation, which is the primary cause of settlement in saturated clay soils.
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