What is the electric flux through a closed surface surrounding a charge of -3Q?

What is the electric flux through a closed surface surrounding a charge of -3Q?

Step 1: Understand that we are looking for the electric flux through a closed surface.
Step 2: Recall Gauss's law, which states that the electric flux (Φ) through a closed surface is equal to the enclosed charge (Q_enc) divided by the permittivity of free space (ε₀).
Step 3: Identify the enclosed charge in this case, which is given as -3Q.
Step 4: Substitute the value of Q_enc into the formula: Φ = Q_enc/ε₀.
Step 5: Replace Q_enc with -3Q in the formula: Φ = -3Q/ε₀.
Step 6: Conclude that the electric flux through the closed surface is Φ = -3Q/ε₀.

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