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In a region where the electric field is uniform, how does the electric flux thro

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Question: In a region where the electric field is uniform, how does the electric flux through a surface depend on the angle between the field and the normal to the surface?

Options:

  1. It is maximum when the angle is 0°
  2. It is maximum when the angle is 90°
  3. It is independent of the angle
  4. It is zero when the angle is 0°

Correct Answer: It is maximum when the angle is 0°

Solution: 

The electric flux is maximum when the angle between the electric field and the normal to the surface is 0°, as Φ = E·A·cos(θ).

In a region where the electric field is uniform, how does the electric flux thro

Practice Questions

Q1
In a region where the electric field is uniform, how does the electric flux through a surface depend on the angle between the field and the normal to the surface?
  1. It is maximum when the angle is 0°
  2. It is maximum when the angle is 90°
  3. It is independent of the angle
  4. It is zero when the angle is 0°

Questions & Step-by-Step Solutions

In a region where the electric field is uniform, how does the electric flux through a surface depend on the angle between the field and the normal to the surface?
  • Step 1: Understand what electric flux is. Electric flux (Φ) measures how much electric field passes through a surface.
  • Step 2: Know the formula for electric flux: Φ = E · A · cos(θ), where E is the electric field strength, A is the area of the surface, and θ is the angle between the electric field and the normal (perpendicular) to the surface.
  • Step 3: Recognize that when θ = 0°, the electric field is perfectly aligned with the normal to the surface, which means cos(0°) = 1. This gives maximum electric flux.
  • Step 4: Understand that as the angle θ increases towards 90°, cos(θ) decreases, leading to less electric flux. At θ = 90°, cos(90°) = 0, meaning no electric field lines pass through the surface.
  • Step 5: Conclude that the electric flux is highest when the electric field is directly perpendicular to the surface and decreases as the angle increases.
  • Electric Flux – Electric flux is defined as the product of the electric field (E) and the area (A) of the surface through which the field lines pass, adjusted by the cosine of the angle (θ) between the electric field and the normal to the surface.
  • Uniform Electric Field – A uniform electric field is one that has the same magnitude and direction at all points in the region.
  • Angle Dependency – The angle between the electric field and the normal to the surface affects the amount of electric flux, with maximum flux occurring at 0° and zero flux at 90°.
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