What is the effect of the -I group on acidity?

What is the effect of the -I group on acidity?

Step 1: Understand what acidity means. Acidity refers to how easily a substance can donate a proton (H+).
Step 2: Learn about conjugate bases. When an acid donates a proton, it becomes a conjugate base.
Step 3: Know what an electron-withdrawing group (-I) is. These are groups that pull electrons away from other parts of the molecule.
Step 4: Realize that when a -I group is present, it helps stabilize the negative charge on the conjugate base.
Step 5: Understand that a more stable conjugate base means the original acid can donate its proton more easily.
Step 6: Conclude that -I groups increase the acidity of compounds because they stabilize the conjugate base.

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