'B' is 2, 'A' is 1, 'D' is 4, so 'BAD' is '214'.

Each letter is shifted by +1: B->C, O->P, O->P, K->L, thus 'BOOK' is 'CPPL'.

Each letter is shifted by +1; E->F, R->S, A->B, S->T, E->F, R->S.

C is the sister of A.

A is a brother of B, and C is a sister of B, so A is also a brother of C.

A is a brother of B, and since B is a sister of C, A is a sibling of C.

Since A is older than B and C is younger than A, C is the youngest.

A is the brother of B, and B is the sister of C, so A is a sibling of C.

After walking north and then turning right, he is now walking east.

After walking north and then turning right, he is facing east.

He ends up 2 km south of his starting point after the movements.

After walking 5 km north and then 5 km south, he is at the same north-south level, but 3 km east from the starting point.

The statements do not provide a direct relationship between cats and dogs.

The information does not allow us to conclude anything about cats being pets.

The information does not allow us to conclude anything about squares being blue.

Each letter is shifted by +1; F->G, I->J, R->T, E->F.

The first statement is false as not all birds can fly, thus the conclusion about penguins is also false.

'MONE' is not a valid English word, while the others are valid rearrangements of 'LEMON'.

The pattern alternates letters and numbers sequentially, so the next is D4.

The pattern is doubling each time: 5*2=10, 10*2=20, 20*2=40, so 40*2=80.

'C' is the 3rd letter, 'A' is the 1st, 'T' is the 20th, so 'D' is 4, 'O' is 15, 'G' is 7, thus 'DOG' is '4157'.

The code shifts each letter by +1: B=C, O=L, O=P, K=L, thus 'BOOK' becomes 'CLOP'.

The series is Fibonacci; 5 + 8 = 13.

The series is Fibonacci: each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, so 5 + 8 = 13.

The series is doubling each time: 2*2=4, 4*2=8, 8*2=16, so the next is 16*2=32.