Q. All cars are vehicles. Some vehicles are not trucks. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All vehicles are cars.
B.
Some cars are not trucks.
C.
All trucks are vehicles.
D.
Some vehicles are cars.
Show solution
Solution
Since all cars are vehicles and some vehicles are not trucks, it follows that some cars must not be trucks.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some cars are not trucks.
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Q. All cats are animals. Some animals are not dogs. Therefore, some cats are not dogs. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Cannot be determined
D.
Only if more information is provided
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion follows logically from the premises. If all cats are animals and some animals are not dogs, it implies that there are cats that are not dogs.
Correct Answer:
A
— Yes
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Q. All cats are animals. Some animals are not dogs. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All cats are dogs.
B.
Some cats are not dogs.
C.
All animals are cats.
D.
Some dogs are not animals.
Show solution
Solution
Since all cats are animals and some animals are not dogs, it follows that some cats must not be dogs.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some cats are not dogs.
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Q. All cats are mammals. Some mammals are not dogs. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All cats are dogs.
B.
Some cats are not dogs.
C.
All mammals are cats.
D.
Some dogs are not mammals.
Show solution
Solution
Since all cats are mammals and some mammals are not dogs, it follows that some cats must not be dogs.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some cats are not dogs.
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Q. All dogs are animals. Some animals are not cats. Therefore, some dogs are not cats. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if all animals are dogs
D.
Only if some animals are dogs
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not valid. Just because some animals are not cats does not imply that some dogs are not cats.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. All dogs are animals. Some animals are not pets. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All pets are dogs.
B.
Some dogs are not pets.
C.
No animals are pets.
D.
Some pets are not dogs.
Show solution
Solution
Since some animals are not pets, it follows that some dogs must not be pets.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some dogs are not pets.
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Q. All dogs are pets. Some pets are not cats. Therefore, some dogs are not cats. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if more information is provided
D.
Cannot be determined
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not necessarily valid. Just because some pets are not cats does not imply that some dogs are not cats.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. All dogs are pets. Some pets are not cats. What can be inferred?
A.
All pets are dogs.
B.
Some dogs are not cats.
C.
Some pets are dogs.
D.
No dogs are cats.
Show solution
Solution
Since all dogs are pets and some pets are not cats, it can be inferred that some pets are dogs.
Correct Answer:
C
— Some pets are dogs.
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Q. All dogs are pets. Some pets are not cats. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All pets are dogs.
B.
Some dogs are not cats.
C.
All cats are pets.
D.
Some pets are dogs.
Show solution
Solution
Since all dogs are pets and some pets are not cats, it can be concluded that some dogs are not cats.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some dogs are not cats.
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Q. All dogs bark. Some animals that bark are not dogs. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All barking animals are dogs.
B.
Some dogs are not barking animals.
C.
Some barking animals are not dogs.
D.
All animals that bark are dogs.
Show solution
Solution
Since all dogs bark and some animals that bark are not dogs, it follows that some barking animals are not dogs.
Correct Answer:
C
— Some barking animals are not dogs.
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Q. All humans are mortal. Socrates is a human. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
Socrates is mortal.
B.
All mortals are humans.
C.
Some humans are not mortal.
D.
Socrates is not human.
Show solution
Solution
Since all humans are mortal and Socrates is a human, it follows that Socrates is mortal.
Correct Answer:
A
— Socrates is mortal.
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Q. All mammals are warm-blooded. Some warm-blooded animals are not birds. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All warm-blooded animals are mammals.
B.
Some mammals are not birds.
C.
All birds are warm-blooded.
D.
Some warm-blooded animals are mammals.
Show solution
Solution
Since all mammals are warm-blooded and some warm-blooded animals are not birds, it can be concluded that some mammals are not birds.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some mammals are not birds.
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Q. All mammals are warm-blooded. Some warm-blooded animals can fly. What can be concluded?
A.
All warm-blooded animals are mammals.
B.
Some mammals can fly.
C.
Some warm-blooded animals are not mammals.
D.
No mammals can fly.
Show solution
Solution
Since all mammals are warm-blooded and some warm-blooded animals can fly, it can be concluded that some mammals can fly.
Correct Answer:
C
— Some warm-blooded animals are not mammals.
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Q. All mammals have hearts. Some hearts are not healthy. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All mammals are healthy.
B.
Some mammals do not have hearts.
C.
Some hearts are mammals.
D.
Some mammals are not healthy.
Show solution
Solution
Since all mammals have hearts and some hearts are not healthy, it follows that some mammals must not be healthy.
Correct Answer:
D
— Some mammals are not healthy.
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Q. All mammals have lungs. Some animals with lungs are not mammals. Therefore, some mammals are not animals with lungs. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if all animals with lungs are mammals
D.
Only if some mammals do not have lungs
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not valid because it does not logically follow that some mammals are not animals with lungs, given that all mammals have lungs.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. All roses are flowers. Some flowers are red. Therefore, some roses are red. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if more information is provided
D.
None of the above
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not valid. While all roses are flowers, it does not necessarily follow that some roses are red.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. All roses are flowers. Some flowers fade quickly. What can be concluded?
A.
All flowers are roses.
B.
Some roses fade quickly.
C.
Some flowers are not roses.
D.
No roses fade quickly.
Show solution
Solution
Since all roses are flowers and some flowers fade quickly, it can be concluded that some flowers are not roses.
Correct Answer:
C
— Some flowers are not roses.
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Q. All roses are flowers. Some flowers fade quickly. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All flowers are roses.
B.
Some roses fade quickly.
C.
Some flowers are not roses.
D.
All roses fade quickly.
Show solution
Solution
Since all roses are flowers, but not all flowers are roses, it can be concluded that some flowers are not roses.
Correct Answer:
C
— Some flowers are not roses.
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Q. All squares are rectangles. Some rectangles are not blue. Therefore, some squares are not blue. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Cannot be determined
D.
Only if more information is provided
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not valid. The premises do not provide enough information to conclude that some squares are not blue.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. All squares are rectangles. Some rectangles are not cubes. Therefore, all squares are not cubes. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if more information is provided
D.
Cannot be determined
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not valid. The premises do not imply that squares cannot be cubes.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. All squares are rectangles. Some rectangles are not cubes. What can be inferred?
A.
All rectangles are squares.
B.
Some squares are not cubes.
C.
All cubes are squares.
D.
Some rectangles are squares.
Show solution
Solution
Since all squares are rectangles and some rectangles are not cubes, it can be inferred that some squares are not cubes.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some squares are not cubes.
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Q. All squares are rectangles. Some rectangles are not cubes. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All rectangles are squares.
B.
Some squares are not cubes.
C.
All cubes are rectangles.
D.
Some rectangles are squares.
Show solution
Solution
Since all squares are rectangles and some rectangles are not cubes, it can be concluded that some squares are not cubes.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some squares are not cubes.
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Q. All squares are rectangles. Some rectangles are not squares. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All rectangles are squares.
B.
Some squares are not rectangles.
C.
Some rectangles are not squares.
D.
All squares are not rectangles.
Show solution
Solution
Since all squares are rectangles and some rectangles are not squares, it is valid to conclude that some rectangles are not squares.
Correct Answer:
C
— Some rectangles are not squares.
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Q. All teachers are educated. Some educated people are not scientists. Therefore, some teachers are not scientists. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if all educated people are teachers
D.
Only if some teachers are scientists
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not valid. The premises do not provide enough information to conclude that some teachers are not scientists.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. No birds are mammals. Some mammals are not dogs. Therefore, no birds are dogs. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Cannot be determined
D.
Only if all mammals are birds
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not valid because the relationship between birds and dogs is not established through the given statements.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. No birds are mammals. Some mammals are not reptiles. Therefore, no birds are reptiles. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Cannot be determined
D.
Only if more information is provided
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not valid. The premises do not provide enough information to conclude that no birds are reptiles.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. No birds are mammals. Some mammals are not reptiles. Which conclusion is valid?
A.
Some birds are reptiles.
B.
All mammals are birds.
C.
Some reptiles are not mammals.
D.
All reptiles are birds.
Show solution
Solution
Since no birds are mammals and some mammals are not reptiles, it can be concluded that some reptiles are not mammals.
Correct Answer:
C
— Some reptiles are not mammals.
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Q. No birds are mammals. Some mammals are not reptiles. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All birds are reptiles.
B.
Some birds are not mammals.
C.
All mammals are birds.
D.
Some reptiles are not mammals.
Show solution
Solution
Since no birds are mammals, it can be concluded that some birds are not mammals.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some birds are not mammals.
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Q. No cars are bicycles. Some bicycles are not motorcycles. Which conclusion is valid?
A.
All motorcycles are cars.
B.
Some cars are not motorcycles.
C.
Some bicycles are cars.
D.
Some motorcycles are not bicycles.
Show solution
Solution
Since no cars are bicycles and some bicycles are not motorcycles, it can be concluded that some motorcycles are not bicycles.
Correct Answer:
D
— Some motorcycles are not bicycles.
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Q. No cars are bicycles. Some bicycles are not motorcycles. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All motorcycles are cars.
B.
Some cars are not motorcycles.
C.
Some bicycles are cars.
D.
Some motorcycles are not bicycles.
Show solution
Solution
Since no cars are bicycles and some bicycles are not motorcycles, it can be concluded that some motorcycles are not bicycles.
Correct Answer:
D
— Some motorcycles are not bicycles.
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