The Aldehydes and Ketones chapter explores carbonyl compounds containing the –CHO and >C=O functional groups, emphasizing how the carbonyl group governs structure, reactivity, and reaction mechanisms. This section is designed for Class 11–12 students, undergraduate learners, and competitive exam aspirants, with strong focus on mechanistic understanding, comparative reactivity, and exam-oriented problem-solving.

In this section, you will study:

• Nomenclature and classification of aldehydes and ketones

• Structure and polarity of the carbonyl group

• Methods of preparation – laboratory and industrial

• Physical properties – boiling point, solubility, and intermolecular interactions

• Nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones

• Oxidation and reduction reactions and their selectivity

• Reactivity comparison – aldehydes vs ketones

• Reactions involving α-hydrogen – aldol condensation (introductory)

• Distinguishing tests – Tollens’, Fehling’s, and iodoform tests

• Mechanistic pathways with step-by-step electron flow

• NCERT- and UG-aligned explanations, supported by reaction mechanisms, flowcharts, MCQs, and PYQs

The content is structured to strengthen conceptual clarity, develop mechanistic reasoning, and prepare students for school exams, NEET, JEE, CUET-UG, and undergraduate chemistry assessments.

Master Aldehydes and Ketones to confidently handle carbonyl chemistry, one of the most reaction-rich and high-weightage chapters in Organic Chemistry.