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Chemical Bonding - Hybridization

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Q. In which of the following compounds does the central atom exhibit sp3d2 hybridization?
  • A. SF6
  • B. XeF4
  • C. NH3
  • D. CCl4
Q. What is the geometry of a molecule with sp hybridization?
  • A. Linear
  • B. Trigonal planar
  • C. Tetrahedral
  • D. Bent
Q. What is the hybridization of the central atom in BF3?
  • A. sp
  • B. sp2
  • C. sp3
  • D. sp3d
Q. What is the IUPAC name of CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3?
  • A. 1-Pentene
  • B. 2-Pentene
  • C. 3-Pentene
  • D. Butene
Q. What type of hybridization is present in the nitrogen atom of NH3?
  • A. sp
  • B. sp2
  • C. sp3
  • D. sp3d
Q. Which molecule exhibits a trigonal bipyramidal geometry?
  • A. CH4
  • B. PCl5
  • C. NH3
  • D. H2O
Q. Which molecule exhibits resonance due to hybridization?
  • A. C6H6
  • B. C2H2
  • C. CH4
  • D. C2H4
Q. Which of the following compounds contains a carbon atom that is sp3 hybridized?
  • A. C2H2
  • B. C2H4
  • C. CH3OH
  • D. CO2
Q. Which of the following compounds contains a carbon atom with sp3d hybridization?
  • A. SF4
  • B. PCl5
  • C. XeF4
  • D. NH3
Q. Which of the following molecules has sp2 hybridization?
  • A. C2H2
  • B. C2H4
  • C. CH4
  • D. C2H6
Q. Which of the following statements about hybridization is true?
  • A. Hybrid orbitals are always degenerate.
  • B. Hybridization involves mixing of atomic orbitals.
  • C. Hybridization does not affect molecular geometry.
  • D. Hybrid orbitals are used only in covalent bonding.
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This chapter explains the concept of orbital hybridization, its role in determining molecular geometry, and its importance in chemical bonding. It is a key topic in school and undergraduate chemistry, essential for Class 11–12 students, competitive exam aspirants, and undergraduate learners, bridging atomic theory with molecular structure.

In this section, you will study:

  • Concept of hybridization and types of hybrid orbitals (sp, sp², sp³, sp³d, sp³d²)

  • Formation of sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds

  • VSEPR theory and prediction of molecular shapes

  • Hybridization in simple molecules and complex organic compounds

  • Relationship between hybridization, bond angles, and molecular geometry

  • Examples of hybridization in functional groups and aromatic systems

  • NCERT-aligned explanations, diagrams, MCQs, and exam-oriented questions

The content is structured to build conceptual clarity, improve visual and spatial understanding, and prepare students for school examinations, NEET, JEE, and undergraduate assessments.

Develop a strong foundation in chemical bonding by mastering hybridization to predict molecular shapes, bond types, and chemical reactivity.

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