This chapter introduces hydrocarbons, the simplest organic compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen, and forms the backbone of organic chemistry learning. It is a core topic for Class 11–12 students, competitive exam aspirants, and undergraduate learners, laying the foundation for reaction mechanisms and functional group chemistry.
In this section, you will study:
Classification of hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
Nomenclature and structural isomerism of hydrocarbons
Methods of preparation of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
Physical and chemical properties
Reactions of alkanes (substitution and combustion)
Reactions of alkenes and alkynes (addition, oxidation, polymerization)
Tests for unsaturation and comparative reactivity
Industrial and laboratory importance of hydrocarbons
NCERT-aligned explanations, reaction schemes, MCQs, and exam-oriented questions
The content is structured to build strong conceptual understanding, enhance reaction prediction skills, and prepare students for school examinations, NEET, JEE, and undergraduate assessments.
A solid grasp of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes is essential for mastering reaction mechanisms, functional groups, and advanced organic chemistry topics.
Q. What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in 1-butyne?
A.
sp
B.
sp2
C.
sp3
D.
sp3d
Solution
In 1-butyne, the carbon atoms involved in the triple bond are sp hybridized.
