Hydrogen and its Compounds

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The Hydrogen and Its Compounds section covers the unique position of hydrogen in the periodic table, its physical and chemical properties, and the chemistry of its important compounds. This topic is a core part of Class 11–12 and undergraduate Inorganic Chemistry, with strong relevance to NEET, JEE, and UG examinations.

In this section, you will study:

  • Position of hydrogen in the periodic table and its anomalous behavior

  • Isotopes of hydrogen – protium, deuterium, and tritium

  • Physical and chemical properties of hydrogen

  • Methods of preparation of hydrogen (laboratory and industrial)

  • Hydrides – ionic, covalent, and metallic hydrides

  • Water – structure, physical and chemical properties, hardness, and softening

  • Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) – preparation, properties, structure, and uses

  • Hydrogen as a fuel – energy potential and environmental significance

  • Biological and industrial importance of hydrogen compounds

  • NCERT- and UG-aligned explanations, supported by reaction equations, diagrams, MCQs, numericals, and PYQs

The content is structured to build conceptual clarity, connect structure with properties, and prepare students to confidently handle theory, numericals, and application-based questions.

Develop a strong foundation in Hydrogen and Its Compounds to understand its central role in chemistry, energy systems, and life processes.

Q. What is the main product when hydrogen reacts with chlorine gas?
  • A. Hydrochloric acid
  • B. Hydrogen chloride
  • C. Chlorine gas
  • D. Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Q. What is the pH of a solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) at a concentration of 0.1 M?
  • A. 1
  • B. 3
  • C. 7
  • D. 14
Q. What is the primary oxidation state of hydrogen in most of its compounds?
  • A. -1
  • B. 0
  • C. +1
  • D. +2
Q. What is the primary use of hydrogen in the chemical industry?
  • A. As a refrigerant
  • B. In the production of ammonia
  • C. As a fuel for vehicles
  • D. In the synthesis of plastics
Q. What is the role of hydrogen in redox reactions?
  • A. It is always oxidized.
  • B. It is always reduced.
  • C. It can act as both an oxidizing and reducing agent.
  • D. It does not participate in redox reactions.
Q. What type of bond is primarily formed between hydrogen and oxygen in water?
  • A. Ionic bond
  • B. Covalent bond
  • C. Metallic bond
  • D. Hydrogen bond
Q. Which of the following compounds contains hydrogen in the -1 oxidation state?
  • A. H2O
  • B. NH3
  • C. HCl
  • D. NaH
Q. Which of the following compounds is an example of a hydrogen halide?
  • A. H2O
  • B. HCl
  • C. NH3
  • D. CH4
Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of hydrogen as a reducing agent?
  • A. It can only reduce metals
  • B. It can reduce metal oxides
  • C. It cannot reduce nonmetals
  • D. It is always oxidized
Q. Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonding is true?
  • A. It occurs only in organic compounds
  • B. It is a strong ionic interaction
  • C. It involves hydrogen and electronegative atoms
  • D. It is the strongest type of bond
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