This section explores the advanced physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms that regulate plant growth and development. It is designed for advanced Class 11–12 students , NEET aspirants aiming for high scores , and undergraduate learners who want deeper conceptual clarity beyond basic descriptions.
In this section, you will study:
Molecular basis of plant growth and development
Detailed mechanisms of action of plant growth regulators
Signal transduction pathways in plant development
Genetic and environmental control of growth patterns
Advanced concepts of photoperiodism and vernalization
Integration of hormonal and environmental signals
Growth analysis using kinetic and quantitative models
NCERT-based advanced interpretations and exam-oriented questions
The content is structured to strengthen conceptual depth , enhance analytical thinking , and prepare students to handle higher-difficulty and reasoning-based questions in NEET and undergraduate-level assessments .
Develop a deeper understanding of plant growth and development by connecting molecular mechanisms with physiological outcomes.
Q. What is the main function of phloem in vascular plants?
A.
Transport water
B.
Transport nutrients
C.
Transport sugars
D.
Support structure
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Solution
Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars produced during photosynthesis throughout the plant.
Correct Answer:
C
— Transport sugars
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Q. What is the primary function of cytokinins in plants?
A.
Promote cell division
B.
Inhibit aging
C.
Stimulate root growth
D.
Enhance photosynthesis
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Solution
Cytokinins primarily promote cell division and growth in plants.
Correct Answer:
A
— Promote cell division
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Q. What is the role of abscisic acid in plants?
A.
Promotes seed germination
B.
Inhibits growth during stress
C.
Stimulates flowering
D.
Enhances fruit ripening
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Solution
Abscisic acid primarily functions to inhibit growth and promote stress responses in plants.
Correct Answer:
B
— Inhibits growth during stress
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Q. What is the role of cytokinins in plant development?
A.
Promote leaf senescence
B.
Stimulate cell division
C.
Inhibit root growth
D.
Enhance photosynthesis
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Solution
Cytokinins are hormones that stimulate cell division and promote shoot development.
Correct Answer:
B
— Stimulate cell division
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Q. What is the role of the apical meristem in plant growth?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Cell division
C.
Water absorption
D.
Nutrient storage
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Solution
The apical meristem is responsible for cell division, leading to primary growth in plants.
Correct Answer:
B
— Cell division
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Q. What is the term for the process by which a seed develops into a new plant?
A.
Germination
B.
Pollination
C.
Fertilization
D.
Propagation
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Solution
Germination is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant.
Correct Answer:
A
— Germination
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Q. What is the term for the symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots?
A.
Mycorrhiza
B.
Nitrogen fixation
C.
Chlorosis
D.
Grafting
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Solution
Mycorrhiza refers to the symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots, enhancing nutrient uptake.
Correct Answer:
A
— Mycorrhiza
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of biennial plants?
A.
Complete life cycle in one year
B.
Live for more than two years
C.
Require two growing seasons to complete life cycle
D.
Only reproduce once
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Solution
Biennial plants require two growing seasons to complete their life cycle, typically flowering in the second year.
Correct Answer:
C
— Require two growing seasons to complete life cycle
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a type of plant tissue?
A.
Meristematic
B.
Vascular
C.
Dermal
D.
Epithelial
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Solution
Epithelial tissue is not a type of plant tissue; it is found in animals.
Correct Answer:
D
— Epithelial
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Q. Which phase of the plant life cycle is haploid?
A.
Sporophyte
B.
Gametophyte
C.
Zygote
D.
Seedling
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Solution
The gametophyte phase is haploid, producing gametes for fertilization.
Correct Answer:
B
— Gametophyte
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Q. Which plant structure is primarily involved in the absorption of water and nutrients?
A.
Leaves
B.
Stems
C.
Roots
D.
Flowers
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Solution
Roots are primarily responsible for the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil.
Correct Answer:
C
— Roots
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Q. Which plant structure is primarily involved in the reproduction of flowering plants?
A.
Roots
B.
Leaves
C.
Flowers
D.
Stems
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Solution
Flowers are the reproductive structures of flowering plants, facilitating pollination and seed production.
Correct Answer:
C
— Flowers
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Q. Which plant structure is primarily responsible for water uptake?
A.
Leaves
B.
Roots
C.
Stems
D.
Flowers
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Solution
Roots are primarily responsible for the uptake of water and nutrients from the soil.
Correct Answer:
B
— Roots
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Q. Which plant structure is responsible for the production of pollen?
A.
Stigma
B.
Anther
C.
Ovary
D.
Style
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Solution
The anther is the part of the stamen that produces pollen.
Correct Answer:
B
— Anther
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Q. Which process describes the growth of a plant in response to light?
A.
Phototropism
B.
Gravitropism
C.
Thigmotropism
D.
Hydrotropism
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Solution
Phototropism is the growth of a plant in response to light direction.
Correct Answer:
A
— Phototropism
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