This section focuses on the practical applications of plant reproductive processes in agriculture, horticulture, plant breeding, and biotechnology. It is designed for Class 11–12 students , NEET aspirants , and undergraduate learners who want to connect theoretical knowledge with real-world practices.
In this section, you will study:
Role of pollination and fertilization in crop yield improvement
Application of vegetative propagation in agriculture and horticulture
Use of reproductive biology in plant breeding and hybridization
Significance of apomixis and polyembryony in agriculture
Application of seed and fruit development concepts in crop production
Role of reproductive strategies in conservation and biodiversity
NCERT-based application questions, examples, and exam-oriented problems
The content is structured to enhance application-based understanding , strengthen practical reasoning , and help students confidently handle real-world and case-based questions in school exams, NEET, and undergraduate assessments .
Understand how plant reproductive processes are applied to improve crop productivity, sustainability, and plant diversity.
Q. What is the main advantage of using hybrid plants in agriculture?
A.
Higher resistance to diseases
B.
Lower growth rates
C.
Increased reliance on specific pollinators
D.
Reduced yield
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Solution
Hybrid plants are often bred for higher resistance to diseases, leading to better crop yields.
Correct Answer:
A
— Higher resistance to diseases
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Q. What is the primary advantage of using tissue culture in plant reproduction?
A.
It requires less space
B.
It produces seeds faster
C.
It enhances genetic diversity
D.
It is less expensive
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Solution
Tissue culture allows for the propagation of many plants in a small space, making it efficient for large-scale production.
Correct Answer:
A
— It requires less space
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Q. What is the primary purpose of plant reproduction?
A.
To produce food for the plant
B.
To ensure species survival
C.
To absorb nutrients from the soil
D.
To increase plant height
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Solution
The primary purpose of plant reproduction is to ensure species survival by producing offspring.
Correct Answer:
B
— To ensure species survival
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Q. What is the primary purpose of seed dispersal in plants?
A.
To increase genetic diversity
B.
To provide nutrients to the soil
C.
To attract pollinators
D.
To reduce competition among seedlings
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Solution
Seed dispersal helps reduce competition among seedlings by spreading them over a wider area.
Correct Answer:
D
— To reduce competition among seedlings
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Q. What is the role of pollinators in plant reproduction?
A.
To provide water to the plants
B.
To assist in seed dispersal
C.
To transfer pollen from male to female structures
D.
To enhance photosynthesis
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Solution
Pollinators transfer pollen from the male anthers to the female stigma, facilitating fertilization.
Correct Answer:
C
— To transfer pollen from male to female structures
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Q. What is the significance of apomixis in plant reproduction?
A.
It allows for sexual reproduction without fertilization
B.
It increases the need for pollinators
C.
It reduces seed viability
D.
It promotes genetic diversity
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Solution
Apomixis allows plants to produce seeds without fertilization, maintaining the parent plant's genetic makeup.
Correct Answer:
A
— It allows for sexual reproduction without fertilization
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Q. What is the significance of seed dispersal in plant reproduction?
A.
To increase competition among plants
B.
To ensure genetic uniformity
C.
To reduce the risk of predation
D.
To spread offspring to new locations
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Solution
Seed dispersal is significant as it helps spread offspring to new locations, reducing competition and increasing survival chances.
Correct Answer:
D
— To spread offspring to new locations
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Q. What is the significance of seed dormancy in plant reproduction?
A.
To ensure immediate germination
B.
To allow seeds to survive unfavorable conditions
C.
To promote cross-pollination
D.
To increase seed size
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Solution
Seed dormancy allows seeds to survive unfavorable conditions until the environment is suitable for germination.
Correct Answer:
B
— To allow seeds to survive unfavorable conditions
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Q. Which method of plant reproduction involves the use of cuttings?
A.
Sexual reproduction
B.
Asexual reproduction
C.
Pollination
D.
Grafting
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Solution
Using cuttings is a form of asexual reproduction where a part of the plant is used to grow a new individual.
Correct Answer:
B
— Asexual reproduction
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Q. Which method of reproduction involves the use of spores?
A.
Asexual reproduction
B.
Sexual reproduction
C.
Vegetative propagation
D.
Grafting
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Solution
Asexual reproduction in plants often involves the use of spores, which can develop into new individuals.
Correct Answer:
A
— Asexual reproduction
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Q. Which of the following is a benefit of asexual reproduction in plants?
A.
Increased genetic diversity
B.
Faster population growth
C.
Dependency on pollinators
D.
Formation of seeds
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Solution
Asexual reproduction allows for faster population growth since it does not require the time and resources needed for sexual reproduction.
Correct Answer:
B
— Faster population growth
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Q. Which of the following is a benefit of vegetative propagation?
A.
Increased genetic variation
B.
Faster reproduction
C.
Dependence on pollinators
D.
Higher seed production
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Solution
Vegetative propagation allows for faster reproduction as it does not rely on the slower process of seed formation.
Correct Answer:
B
— Faster reproduction
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Q. Which of the following is a method of seedless reproduction in plants?
A.
Fertilization
B.
Grafting
C.
Cross-pollination
D.
Seed germination
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Solution
Grafting is a method of asexual reproduction that does not involve seeds, allowing for the propagation of specific plant varieties.
Correct Answer:
B
— Grafting
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Q. Which type of plant reproduction is most commonly used in commercial horticulture?
A.
Seed propagation
B.
Asexual propagation
C.
Natural pollination
D.
Cross-pollination
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Solution
Asexual propagation is commonly used in horticulture for its efficiency and ability to produce clones of desirable plants.
Correct Answer:
B
— Asexual propagation
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Q. Which type of plant reproduction results in genetically identical offspring?
A.
Sexual reproduction
B.
Asexual reproduction
C.
Cross-pollination
D.
Self-pollination
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Solution
Asexual reproduction results in genetically identical offspring, as it involves cloning the parent plant.
Correct Answer:
B
— Asexual reproduction
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