Q. What is the basic unit of heredity? (2020)
A.
Gene
B.
Chromosome
C.
DNA
D.
RNA
Show solution
Solution
A gene is the basic unit of heredity, responsible for the transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
Correct Answer:
A
— Gene
Learn More →
Q. What is the function of DNA polymerase? (2021)
A.
Synthesizes RNA
B.
Replicates DNA
C.
Repairs DNA
D.
Transcribes DNA
Show solution
Solution
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new strands of DNA during replication.
Correct Answer:
B
— Replicates DNA
Learn More →
Q. What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis? (2021)
A.
Transports amino acids
B.
Carries genetic code from DNA
C.
Forms ribosomes
D.
Catalyzes reactions
Show solution
Solution
mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.
Correct Answer:
B
— Carries genetic code from DNA
Learn More →
Q. What is the function of ribosomes in a cell? (2023)
A.
DNA replication
B.
Protein synthesis
C.
Energy production
D.
Cell division
Show solution
Solution
Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Protein synthesis
Learn More →
Q. What is the function of ribosomes? (2021)
A.
DNA replication
B.
Protein synthesis
C.
Energy production
D.
Cell division
Show solution
Solution
Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Protein synthesis
Learn More →
Q. What is the primary function of the genetic code? (2020)
A.
To store genetic information
B.
To regulate gene expression
C.
To determine protein structure
D.
To replicate DNA
Show solution
Solution
The genetic code determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins, thus influencing their structure and function.
Correct Answer:
C
— To determine protein structure
Learn More →
Q. What is the process by which DNA is copied to produce an identical molecule? (2020)
A.
Transcription
B.
Translation
C.
Replication
D.
Recombination
Show solution
Solution
Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce an identical molecule, ensuring genetic continuity.
Correct Answer:
C
— Replication
Learn More →
Q. What is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules? (2021)
A.
Transcription
B.
Translation
C.
Replication
D.
Recombination
Show solution
Solution
Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
Correct Answer:
C
— Replication
Learn More →
Q. What is the process by which DNA is copied? (2021)
A.
Transcription
B.
Translation
C.
Replication
D.
Recombination
Show solution
Solution
Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
Correct Answer:
C
— Replication
Learn More →
Q. What is the role of DNA polymerase? (2021)
A.
Transcription
B.
Replication
C.
Translation
D.
Repair
Show solution
Solution
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands during replication.
Correct Answer:
B
— Replication
Learn More →
Q. What is the role of helicase in DNA replication? (2022)
A.
To synthesize RNA
B.
To unwind the DNA double helix
C.
To join Okazaki fragments
D.
To add nucleotides
Show solution
Solution
Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication.
Correct Answer:
B
— To unwind the DNA double helix
Learn More →
Q. What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription? (2021)
A.
To synthesize DNA
B.
To synthesize RNA
C.
To unwind DNA
D.
To splice RNA
Show solution
Solution
RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription.
Correct Answer:
B
— To synthesize RNA
Learn More →
Q. What is the structure of DNA described as? (2022)
A.
Single helix
B.
Double helix
C.
Triple helix
D.
Linear strand
Show solution
Solution
DNA is described as a double helix, consisting of two strands that wind around each other.
Correct Answer:
B
— Double helix
Learn More →
Q. What is the term for the observable characteristics of an organism? (2022)
A.
Genotype
B.
Phenotype
C.
Allele
D.
Locus
Show solution
Solution
Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics of an organism, influenced by its genotype and environment.
Correct Answer:
B
— Phenotype
Learn More →
Q. Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication? (2021)
A.
DNA polymerase
B.
Helicase
C.
Ligase
D.
Primase
Show solution
Solution
Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during the process of replication.
Correct Answer:
B
— Helicase
Learn More →
Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells? (2019)
A.
No nucleus
B.
Circular DNA
C.
Membrane-bound organelles
D.
Binary fission
Show solution
Solution
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.
Correct Answer:
C
— Membrane-bound organelles
Learn More →
Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic genes? (2023)
A.
They are polycistronic
B.
They contain introns
C.
They lack regulatory sequences
D.
They are circular
Show solution
Solution
Eukaryotic genes often contain introns, which are non-coding sequences that are removed during RNA processing.
Correct Answer:
B
— They contain introns
Learn More →
Q. Which of the following is a purine? (2019)
A.
Cytosine
B.
Thymine
C.
Adenine
D.
Uracil
Show solution
Solution
Adenine is a purine, which is one of the two types of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids.
Correct Answer:
C
— Adenine
Learn More →
Q. Which of the following is a type of RNA that helps in the formation of ribosomes? (2018)
A.
mRNA
B.
tRNA
C.
rRNA
D.
snRNA
Show solution
Solution
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a type of RNA that is a key component of ribosomes, facilitating protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
C
— rRNA
Learn More →
Q. Which of the following is a type of RNA that helps in the regulation of gene expression? (2020)
A.
mRNA
B.
tRNA
C.
rRNA
D.
miRNA
Show solution
Solution
miRNA (microRNA) is a type of RNA that plays a role in regulating gene expression by binding to mRNA.
Correct Answer:
D
— miRNA
Learn More →
Q. Which of the following is not a component of DNA? (2018)
A.
Deoxyribose
B.
Phosphate group
C.
Ribose
D.
Nitrogenous base
Show solution
Solution
Ribose is not a component of DNA; it is found in RNA. DNA contains deoxyribose.
Correct Answer:
C
— Ribose
Learn More →
Q. Which of the following mutations does NOT change the amino acid sequence of a protein? (2022)
A.
Missense mutation
B.
Nonsense mutation
C.
Silent mutation
D.
Frameshift mutation
Show solution
Solution
A silent mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein despite a change in the DNA sequence.
Correct Answer:
C
— Silent mutation
Learn More →
Q. Which of the following processes involves the conversion of mRNA into a protein? (2022)
A.
Transcription
B.
Translation
C.
Replication
D.
Translocation
Show solution
Solution
Translation is the process where mRNA is decoded to produce a protein.
Correct Answer:
B
— Translation
Learn More →
Q. Which of the following processes involves the synthesis of proteins? (2022)
A.
Replication
B.
Transcription
C.
Translation
D.
Translocation
Show solution
Solution
Translation is the process that involves the synthesis of proteins from mRNA.
Correct Answer:
C
— Translation
Learn More →
Q. Which of the following processes involves the transfer of genetic material between bacteria? (2022)
A.
Transcription
B.
Translation
C.
Transformation
D.
Transduction
Show solution
Solution
Transformation is the process by which bacteria take up foreign DNA from their environment.
Correct Answer:
C
— Transformation
Learn More →
Q. Which of the following structures carries genetic information? (2019)
A.
Ribosome
B.
Chromosome
C.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
D.
Golgi Apparatus
Show solution
Solution
Chromosomes are structures that carry genetic information in the form of genes.
Correct Answer:
B
— Chromosome
Learn More →
Q. Which scientist is known for the discovery of the structure of DNA? (2017)
A.
Gregor Mendel
B.
James Watson
C.
Francis Crick
D.
Both James Watson and Francis Crick
Show solution
Solution
James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.
Correct Answer:
D
— Both James Watson and Francis Crick
Learn More →
Q. Which scientist is known for the double helix model of DNA? (2017)
A.
Gregor Mendel
B.
James Watson
C.
Francis Crick
D.
Rosalind Franklin
Show solution
Solution
James Watson, along with Francis Crick, is credited with the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.
Correct Answer:
B
— James Watson
Learn More →
Q. Which scientist is known for the structure of DNA? (2017)
A.
Gregor Mendel
B.
James Watson
C.
Francis Crick
D.
Both James Watson and Francis Crick
Show solution
Solution
James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.
Correct Answer:
D
— Both James Watson and Francis Crick
Learn More →
Showing 1 to 29 of 29 (1 Pages)
Genetics & Evolution - Molecular Basis of Inheritance MCQ & Objective Questions
The study of "Genetics & Evolution - Molecular Basis of Inheritance" is crucial for students aiming to excel in their exams. Understanding this topic not only enhances your conceptual clarity but also prepares you for various objective questions and MCQs that frequently appear in assessments. Practicing these questions helps solidify your knowledge and boosts your confidence, ensuring you are well-prepared for both school and competitive exams.
What You Will Practise Here
Fundamentals of DNA structure and function
Key concepts of Mendelian genetics and inheritance patterns
Understanding of genetic mutations and their implications
Principles of natural selection and evolutionary theory
Applications of genetic engineering and biotechnology
Important definitions and terminology related to inheritance
Diagrams illustrating genetic crosses and inheritance patterns
Exam Relevance
This topic is a significant part of the syllabus for CBSE, State Boards, NEET, and JEE. Students can expect questions that test their understanding of genetic principles, inheritance patterns, and evolutionary concepts. Common question patterns include multiple-choice questions that require application of theories, as well as scenario-based questions that assess critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
Common Mistakes Students Make
Confusing genotype with phenotype in inheritance problems
Overlooking the role of environmental factors in evolution
Misunderstanding the implications of dominant and recessive traits
Neglecting to practice genetic diagrams, leading to errors in interpretation
FAQs
Question: What are the key differences between DNA and RNA?Answer: DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.
Question: How does natural selection contribute to evolution?Answer: Natural selection favors individuals with advantageous traits, leading to gradual changes in the population over generations.
Ready to enhance your understanding? Dive into our practice MCQs and test your knowledge on "Genetics & Evolution - Molecular Basis of Inheritance". Master these important concepts and boost your exam readiness today!
