Outlining the essay before writing helps in organizing thoughts and managing time effectively, ensuring all sections are adequately addressed.

The conclusion is crucial as it reinforces the main arguments and provides a final perspective, leaving a lasting impression on the examiner.

The problem-solution format allows for a clear presentation of issues and potential resolutions, making the argument more persuasive.

A well-defined thesis statement serves as a roadmap, guiding the structure and focus of the essay, ensuring coherence.

'The Communist Manifesto' was published in 1848, outlining the principles of Marxism and advocating for class struggle.

The 'Great Leap Forward' was an economic campaign initiated by the Chinese Communist Party aimed at rapidly transforming China from an agrarian society into a socialist society through rapid industrialization.

The Opium Wars were fought between China and Britain, primarily over trade disputes and the opium trade.

The Salt March was a direct action campaign against the British salt tax, symbolizing the broader struggle for independence.

Qutub Minar is a prime example of Indo-Islamic architecture, showcasing the blend of Islamic and Indian styles.

The Berlin Conference regulated European colonization and trade in Africa, leading to the 'Scramble for Africa'.

'Nirvana' signifies the cessation of suffering and the end of the cycle of rebirth in Buddhism.

Mahatma Gandhi introduced the concept of 'Satyagraha' during the Champaran Movement in 1917 to address the grievances of indigo farmers.

Mahatma Gandhi introduced the concept of 'Satyagraha' as a non-violent method of protest against injustice.

Utilitarianism is most closely associated with John Stuart Mill, who expanded on Jeremy Bentham's ideas about maximizing happiness.

The 'Allegory of the Cave' is found in 'The Republic', illustrating the difference between the world of appearances and the world of reality.

'Tabula Rasa' is the theory that individuals are born as blank slates, with knowledge and personality shaped by experience.

The Rowlatt Act was enacted to curb civil liberties and suppress dissent against British rule, leading to widespread protests.

The Treaty of Versailles was signed to formally end World War I and impose penalties on Germany.

Using diverse viewpoints enriches the discussion by presenting a balanced perspective, which is crucial for analytical essays.

Current affairs provide relevant examples and case studies that can enhance the arguments made in the essay, making it more relatable and grounded.

Socrates is renowned for the Socratic method, which involves asking a series of questions to challenge assumptions.

The formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 is considered the beginning of the organized Indian National Movement.

Stoicism teaches acceptance of fate and emphasizes the use of reason to navigate life's challenges.

Avoiding contractions helps maintain a formal tone, which is essential for academic writing in the UPSC Mains essays.

The Roman Empire is renowned for its extensive road network and efficient postal system, facilitating trade and communication.

The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 is often considered the first major revolt against British rule, marking the beginning of the modern Indian freedom struggle.

Clarity of thought is essential as it ensures that the ideas are communicated effectively, making the essay coherent and impactful.

Overgeneralizing arguments can weaken the essay by making it less specific and failing to address the nuances of the topic.

The Enlightenment period is closely associated with the concept of the 'Social Contract', particularly in the works of philosophers like Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was initiated by the Indian National Congress in response to the repressive measures taken by the British during World War I.