Q. How does the presence of a +M group affect the stability of a carbocation?
A.Increases stability
B.Decreases stability
C.No effect
D.Depends on the solvent
Solution
A +M group increases the stability of a carbocation by donating electron density through resonance.
Correct Answer: A — Increases stability
Q. In which of the following compounds does the inductive effect play a significant role?
A.Benzene
B.Acetic acid
C.Cyclohexane
D.Ethylene
Solution
In acetic acid, the inductive effect of the –COOH group influences the acidity of the compound.
Correct Answer: B — Acetic acid
Q. What is denaturation of proteins?
A.The process of protein synthesis
B.The loss of protein function due to structural changes
C.The formation of peptide bonds
D.The folding of proteins into their functional shape
Solution
Denaturation refers to the process where proteins lose their native structure and function due to external factors like heat or pH changes.
Correct Answer: B — The loss of protein function due to structural changes
Q. What is the basic building block of proteins?
A.Nucleotides
B.Fatty acids
C.Amino acids
D.Monosaccharides
Solution
Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are their basic building blocks.
Correct Answer: C — Amino acids
Q. What is the basic structural unit of proteins?
A.Nucleotide
B.Monosaccharide
C.Amino acid
D.Fatty acid
Solution
Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids.
Correct Answer: C — Amino acid
Q. What is the basic unit of nucleic acids?
A.Amino acid
B.Nucleotide
C.Monosaccharide
D.Fatty acid
Solution
The basic unit of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, is the nucleotide.
Correct Answer: B — Nucleotide
Q. What is the boiling point trend among alcohols, ethers, and alkanes?
A.Alcohols > Ethers > Alkanes
B.Ethers > Alcohols > Alkanes
C.Alkanes > Ethers > Alcohols
D.All have the same boiling point
Solution
Alcohols have higher boiling points than ethers and alkanes due to hydrogen bonding.
Correct Answer: A — Alcohols > Ethers > Alkanes
Q. What is the bond angle around the carbon atoms in an alkyne?
A.120 degrees
B.180 degrees
C.109.5 degrees
D.90 degrees
Solution
The bond angle around the carbon atoms in an alkyne is approximately 180 degrees due to linear geometry.
Correct Answer: B — 180 degrees
Q. What is the effect of a -CH3 group on the stability of a carbocation?
A.Destabilizes
B.No effect
C.Stabilizes
D.Increases acidity
Solution
The -CH3 group is an electron-donating group and stabilizes the carbocation through hyperconjugation.
Correct Answer: C — Stabilizes
Q. What is the effect of a -I group on the acidity of a carboxylic acid?
A.Increases acidity
B.Decreases acidity
C.No effect
D.Only affects basicity
Solution
A -I group increases the acidity of a carboxylic acid by stabilizing the negative charge on the conjugate base.
Correct Answer: A — Increases acidity
Q. What is the effect of a -I group on the acidity of carboxylic acids?
A.Increases acidity
B.Decreases acidity
C.No effect
D.Depends on the solvent
Solution
A -I group increases the acidity of carboxylic acids by stabilizing the negative charge on the conjugate base.
Correct Answer: A — Increases acidity
Q. What is the effect of alkyl groups on the basicity of amines?
A.Decrease basicity
B.Increase basicity
C.No effect
D.Depends on the size
Solution
Alkyl groups increase the basicity of amines due to their electron-donating effect.
Correct Answer: B — Increase basicity
Q. What is the effect of electron-withdrawing groups on the basicity of amines?
A.Increase basicity
B.Decrease basicity
C.No effect
D.Varies with the group
Solution
Electron-withdrawing groups decrease the basicity of amines by reducing the electron density on the nitrogen atom.
Correct Answer: B — Decrease basicity
Q. What is the effect of increasing the carbon chain length on the boiling point of aldehydes?
A.Decreases
B.Increases
C.Remains the same
D.Varies randomly
Solution
The boiling point of aldehydes increases with the increase in carbon chain length due to increased van der Waals forces.
Correct Answer: B — Increases
Q. What is the effect of increasing the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid on its acidity?
A.Increases acidity
B.Decreases acidity
C.No effect
D.Depends on the structure
Solution
As the number of carbon atoms increases, the acidity generally decreases due to the increasing electron-donating effect of alkyl groups.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases acidity
Q. What is the effect of increasing the size of the halogen in haloalkanes on the bond strength?
A.Increases
B.Decreases
C.Remains the same
D.Varies randomly
Solution
As the size of the halogen increases, the bond strength decreases due to the longer bond length and weaker overlap.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
Q. What is the effect of substituents on the reactivity of aromatic compounds in electrophilic substitution?
A.All substituents deactivate the ring.
B.Electron-donating groups activate the ring.
C.Electron-withdrawing groups have no effect.
D.All substituents direct to the meta position.
Solution
Electron-donating groups activate the aromatic ring, making it more reactive towards electrophilic substitution.
Correct Answer: B — Electron-donating groups activate the ring.
Q. What is the effect of substituents on the reactivity of aromatic compounds?
A.All substituents are deactivating
B.Some are activating and some are deactivating
C.All are activating
D.None affect reactivity
Solution
Substituents can either activate or deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution, depending on their electron-donating or electron-withdrawing nature.
Correct Answer: B — Some are activating and some are deactivating
Q. What is the effect of the +M effect on the stability of a carbocation?
A.Destabilizes the carbocation
B.Stabilizes the carbocation
C.No effect on stability
D.Increases acidity
Solution
The +M effect stabilizes the carbocation by donating electron density through resonance.
Correct Answer: B — Stabilizes the carbocation
Q. What is the effect of the -I effect on acidity?
A.Increases acidity
B.Decreases acidity
C.No effect on acidity
D.Depends on the solvent
Solution
The -I effect increases acidity by stabilizing the negative charge on the conjugate base.
Correct Answer: A — Increases acidity
Q. What is the effect of the -I group on acidity?
A.Increases acidity
B.Decreases acidity
C.No effect on acidity
D.Depends on the solvent
Solution
Electron-withdrawing groups (-I) increase the acidity of compounds by stabilizing the negative charge on the conjugate base.
Correct Answer: A — Increases acidity
Q. What is the effect of the -M group on the stability of a carbocation?
A.Destabilizes the carbocation
B.Stabilizes the carbocation
C.No effect on stability
D.Increases acidity
Solution
-M groups destabilize carbocations by withdrawing electron density through resonance.
Correct Answer: A — Destabilizes the carbocation
Q. What is the function of hemoglobin in the body?
A.To catalyze reactions
B.To transport oxygen
C.To provide structural support
D.To store energy
Solution
Hemoglobin is a protein that functions to transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body.
Correct Answer: B — To transport oxygen
Q. What is the functional group present in alcohols?
A.Aldehyde
B.Ketone
C.Hydroxyl
D.Carboxylic acid
Solution
Alcohols contain a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group.
Correct Answer: C — Hydroxyl
Q. What is the functional group present in carboxylic acids?
A.Hydroxyl group
B.Carbonyl group
C.Carboxyl group
D.Amino group
Solution
Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl group (-COOH), which is the defining feature of this class of compounds.
Correct Answer: C — Carboxyl group
Q. What is the functional group present in ketones?
A.-CHO
B.-CO-
C.-OH
D.-C=O
Solution
Ketones contain the functional group -CO- (carbonyl group) between two carbon atoms.
Correct Answer: B — -CO-
Q. What is the general formula for alkanes?
A.C_nH_(2n)
B.C_nH_(2n+2)
C.C_nH_(2n-2)
D.C_nH_(n)
Solution
The general formula for alkanes is C_nH_(2n+2).
Correct Answer: B — C_nH_(2n+2)
Q. What is the general formula for alkenes?
A.C_nH_(2n)
B.C_nH_(2n+2)
C.C_nH_(2n-2)
D.C_nH_(2n+1)
Solution
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n.
Correct Answer: A — C_nH_(2n)
Q. What is the general formula for alkynes?
A.C_nH_(2n+2)
B.C_nH_(2n)
C.C_nH_(2n-2)
D.C_nH_(2n-1)
Solution
The general formula for alkynes is C_nH_(2n-2), where n is the number of carbon atoms.
Correct Answer: C — C_nH_(2n-2)
Q. What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
A.C_n(H2O)_n
B.C_nH_nO_n
C.C_nH_2nO_n
D.C_nH_2O_n
Solution
The general formula for carbohydrates is C_n(H2O)_n, indicating that they are hydrates of carbon.
