Atomic Structure
Q. In a hydrogen atom, what is the wavelength of the emitted photon when an electron transitions from n=3 to n=2?
A.
656 nm
B.
486 nm
C.
434 nm
D.
410 nm
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Solution
Using the Rydberg formula, the wavelength for the transition from n=3 to n=2 is approximately 486 nm.
Correct Answer: B — 486 nm
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Q. In a hydrogen atom, which transition emits the photon with the highest energy?
A.
n=2 to n=1
B.
n=3 to n=2
C.
n=4 to n=3
D.
n=5 to n=4
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Solution
The energy of the emitted photon is highest for the transition from n=2 to n=1, as it involves the largest energy difference.
Correct Answer: A — n=2 to n=1
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Q. In a hydrogen atom, which transition would emit the highest energy photon?
A.
n=2 to n=1
B.
n=3 to n=2
C.
n=4 to n=3
D.
n=5 to n=4
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Solution
The energy of the photon emitted is highest for the transition from n=2 to n=1, as it involves the largest energy difference.
Correct Answer: A — n=2 to n=1
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Q. In a hydrogen atom, which transition would emit the photon with the highest energy?
A.
n=2 to n=1
B.
n=3 to n=2
C.
n=4 to n=3
D.
n=5 to n=4
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Solution
The energy of the emitted photon is highest for the transition from n=2 to n=1, as it involves the largest energy difference.
Correct Answer: A — n=2 to n=1
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Q. In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, what is the energy of the electron in the n=2 level?
A.
-13.6 eV
B.
-3.4 eV
C.
-1.51 eV
D.
0 eV
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Solution
The energy of an electron in the nth level of hydrogen is given by E_n = -13.6 eV/n². For n=2, E_2 = -13.6 eV/2² = -3.4 eV.
Correct Answer: B — -3.4 eV
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Q. In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, what is the radius of the first orbit?
A.
0.0529 nm
B.
0.1 nm
C.
0.529 nm
D.
0.529 pm
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Solution
The radius of the first orbit in the Bohr model is 0.529 Å or 0.0529 nm.
Correct Answer: C — 0.529 nm
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Q. What is the electron configuration of the element with atomic number 26?
A.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6
B.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5
C.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7
D.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8
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Solution
The electron configuration of iron (Fe), which has an atomic number of 26, is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6.
Correct Answer: A — 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6
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Q. What is the energy difference between the n=1 and n=2 levels in a hydrogen atom?
A.
10.2 eV
B.
13.6 eV
C.
1.89 eV
D.
3.4 eV
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Solution
The energy difference between n=1 and n=2 in hydrogen is 10.2 eV.
Correct Answer: A — 10.2 eV
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Q. What is the energy of a photon emitted during the transition from n=3 to n=2 in a hydrogen atom?
A.
10.2 eV
B.
1.89 eV
C.
12.1 eV
D.
3.4 eV
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Solution
The energy of the photon can be calculated using the Rydberg formula. The transition from n=3 to n=2 emits a photon of energy approximately 1.89 eV.
Correct Answer: B — 1.89 eV
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Q. What is the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 500 nm?
A.
3.98 eV
B.
2.48 eV
C.
1.24 eV
D.
0.62 eV
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Solution
The energy of a photon is given by E = hc/λ. Using h = 6.626 x 10^-34 J·s and c = 3 x 10^8 m/s, E = (6.626 x 10^-34)(3 x 10^8)/(500 x 10^-9) = 3.98 eV.
Correct Answer: A — 3.98 eV
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Q. What is the energy of the ground state of a hydrogen atom?
A.
-13.6 eV
B.
-3.4 eV
C.
0 eV
D.
13.6 eV
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Solution
The energy of the ground state of a hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV.
Correct Answer: A — -13.6 eV
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Q. What is the maximum number of electrons in the d-subshell?
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Solution
The d-subshell can hold a maximum of 10 electrons.
Correct Answer: C — 10
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Q. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a single p subshell?
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Solution
A p subshell can hold a maximum of 6 electrons, as it has three orbitals each capable of holding 2 electrons.
Correct Answer: B — 6
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Q. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the d subshell?
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Solution
The d subshell can hold a maximum of 10 electrons.
Correct Answer: C — 10
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Q. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the f subshell?
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Solution
The f subshell can hold a maximum of 14 electrons (7 orbitals, each can hold 2).
Correct Answer: D — 14
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Q. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the n=3 energy level?
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Solution
The maximum number of electrons in an energy level is given by the formula 2n^2. For n=3, it is 2(3^2) = 18.
Correct Answer: C — 18
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Q. What is the principal quantum number for an electron in the 4th shell?
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Solution
The principal quantum number (n) corresponds to the shell number. For the 4th shell, n=4.
Correct Answer: D — 4
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Q. What is the principal quantum number of an electron in the 3p orbital?
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Solution
The principal quantum number (n) indicates the energy level of an electron. For a 3p orbital, n = 3.
Correct Answer: C — 3
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Q. What is the principal quantum number of an electron in the 4s orbital?
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Solution
The principal quantum number (n) indicates the energy level of an electron. For the 4s orbital, n = 4.
Correct Answer: C — 4
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Q. What is the significance of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle in atomic structure?
A.
It defines the size of the nucleus
B.
It limits the precision of measuring position and momentum
C.
It explains electron configurations
D.
It describes the stability of atoms
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Solution
The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously know the exact position and momentum of a particle, which is fundamental in quantum mechanics.
Correct Answer: B — It limits the precision of measuring position and momentum
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Q. What is the significance of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?
A.
It defines the energy levels of electrons
B.
It states that position and momentum cannot be simultaneously known
C.
It describes the behavior of light
D.
It explains the stability of atomic nuclei
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Solution
The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot be simultaneously known with arbitrary precision.
Correct Answer: B — It states that position and momentum cannot be simultaneously known
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Q. What is the term for the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase?
A.
Ionization energy
B.
Electron affinity
C.
Electronegativity
D.
Electrostatic energy
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Solution
Ionization energy is defined as the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase.
Correct Answer: A — Ionization energy
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Q. What is the total number of orbitals in the n=2 energy level?
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Solution
The total number of orbitals in an energy level is given by n^2. For n=2, it is 2^2 = 4.
Correct Answer: B — 4
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Q. What is the total number of orbitals in the n=4 energy level?
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Solution
The total number of orbitals in an energy level is given by n^2. For n=4, it is 4^2 = 16.
Correct Answer: C — 16
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Q. What is the wavelength of light emitted when an electron transitions from n=3 to n=2 in a hydrogen atom?
A.
410 nm
B.
656 nm
C.
486 nm
D.
434 nm
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Solution
Using the Rydberg formula, the wavelength for the transition from n=3 to n=2 is approximately 434 nm.
Correct Answer: D — 434 nm
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of isotopes?
A.
Same number of protons, different number of neutrons
B.
Different number of protons, same number of neutrons
C.
Same mass number
D.
Different chemical properties
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Solution
Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Correct Answer: A — Same number of protons, different number of neutrons
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Q. Which of the following orbitals is the highest in energy?
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Solution
The 3d orbital is higher in energy than the 4s orbital due to its shape and electron repulsion.
Correct Answer: D — 3d
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Q. Which of the following quantum numbers cannot be the same for two electrons in the same atom?
A.
Principal quantum number
B.
Azimuthal quantum number
C.
Magnetic quantum number
D.
Spin quantum number
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Solution
According to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of all four quantum numbers.
Correct Answer: D — Spin quantum number
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Q. Which of the following quantum numbers describes the orientation of an orbital?
A.
Principal quantum number
B.
Azimuthal quantum number
C.
Magnetic quantum number
D.
Spin quantum number
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Solution
The magnetic quantum number describes the orientation of an orbital in space.
Correct Answer: C — Magnetic quantum number
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Q. Which of the following statements about isotopes is true?
A.
Isotopes have the same number of protons
B.
Isotopes have different chemical properties
C.
Isotopes have different numbers of protons
D.
Isotopes are always radioactive
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Solution
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Correct Answer: A — Isotopes have the same number of protons
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