Heat & Temperature
Q. If 100 g of water at 0°C is mixed with 100 g of water at 100°C, what will be the final temperature?
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A.
50°C
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B.
25°C
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C.
75°C
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D.
0°C
Solution
The final temperature will be 50°C due to equal masses and specific heat capacities.
Correct Answer: A — 50°C
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Q. If 100 g of water at 0°C is mixed with 100 g of water at 100°C, what will be the final temperature of the mixture?
-
A.
50°C
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B.
25°C
-
C.
75°C
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D.
0°C
Solution
Using the principle of conservation of energy, the final temperature will be 50°C.
Correct Answer: A — 50°C
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Q. If 100 g of water at 80°C is mixed with 200 g of water at 20°C, what will be the final temperature?
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A.
30°C
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B.
40°C
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C.
50°C
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D.
60°C
Solution
Using the principle of conservation of energy, the final temperature can be calculated to be 40°C.
Correct Answer: B — 40°C
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Q. If the temperature of an ideal gas is doubled at constant volume, what happens to its pressure?
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A.
It halves
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B.
It remains the same
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C.
It doubles
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D.
It quadruples
Solution
According to Gay-Lussac's law, pressure is directly proportional to temperature at constant volume, so it doubles.
Correct Answer: C — It doubles
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Q. In which of the following materials does heat transfer occur primarily through conduction?
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A.
Metal
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B.
Water
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C.
Air
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D.
Vacuum
Solution
Heat transfer through conduction occurs primarily in solids, especially metals.
Correct Answer: A — Metal
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Q. In which of the following processes does the internal energy of a system remain constant?
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A.
Isothermal process
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B.
Adiabatic process
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C.
Isobaric process
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D.
Isochoric process
Solution
In an isothermal process, the internal energy of an ideal gas remains constant.
Correct Answer: A — Isothermal process
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Q. In which of the following processes does the temperature of a gas increase?
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A.
Isothermal expansion
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B.
Adiabatic compression
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C.
Isobaric expansion
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D.
Isochoric cooling
Solution
In adiabatic compression, the temperature of a gas increases due to work done on it.
Correct Answer: B — Adiabatic compression
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Q. In which of the following processes does the temperature of a substance remain constant?
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A.
Heating
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B.
Cooling
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C.
Phase change
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D.
Compression
Solution
During a phase change, the temperature of a substance remains constant despite heat being added or removed.
Correct Answer: C — Phase change
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Q. In which of the following processes does the temperature of the system remain constant?
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A.
Isothermal process
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B.
Adiabatic process
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C.
Isobaric process
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D.
Isochoric process
Solution
In an isothermal process, the temperature of the system remains constant.
Correct Answer: A — Isothermal process
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Q. In which of the following scenarios does conduction occur?
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A.
Heating water in a pot
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B.
Sun warming the Earth
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C.
Wind blowing
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D.
Ice melting in a drink
Solution
Conduction occurs when heat is transferred through direct contact, such as heating water in a pot.
Correct Answer: A — Heating water in a pot
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Q. In which process does a gas do work on its surroundings?
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A.
Isothermal expansion
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B.
Adiabatic compression
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C.
Isochoric process
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D.
Isobaric process
Solution
In isothermal expansion, a gas does work on its surroundings as it expands.
Correct Answer: A — Isothermal expansion
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Q. What happens to the temperature of a gas when it expands adiabatically?
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A.
It increases
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B.
It decreases
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C.
It remains constant
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D.
It depends on the gas
Solution
During adiabatic expansion, a gas does work on its surroundings, which results in a decrease in temperature.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases
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Q. What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change?
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A.
It increases
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B.
It decreases
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C.
It remains constant
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D.
It fluctuates
Solution
During a phase change, the temperature of a substance remains constant while heat is added or removed.
Correct Answer: C — It remains constant
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Q. What is the effect of increasing the temperature of a gas at constant volume?
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A.
Pressure decreases
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B.
Pressure increases
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C.
Volume increases
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D.
Density increases
Solution
Increasing the temperature of a gas at constant volume results in an increase in pressure, according to Gay-Lussac's law.
Correct Answer: B — Pressure increases
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Q. What is the latent heat of fusion for ice?
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A.
334 J/g
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B.
2260 J/g
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C.
4190 J/g
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D.
1000 J/g
Solution
The latent heat of fusion for ice is approximately 334 J/g.
Correct Answer: A — 334 J/g
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Q. What is the latent heat of fusion?
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A.
Heat required to change a solid to a liquid
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B.
Heat required to change a liquid to a gas
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C.
Heat required to change a gas to a solid
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D.
Heat required to change a liquid to a solid
Solution
Latent heat of fusion is the heat required to change a solid into a liquid at its melting point.
Correct Answer: A — Heat required to change a solid to a liquid
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Q. What is the principle behind a thermometer?
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A.
Expansion of liquid with temperature
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B.
Contraction of gas with temperature
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C.
Change in color with temperature
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D.
Change in pressure with temperature
Solution
Thermometers work on the principle of expansion of liquid (like mercury) with temperature.
Correct Answer: A — Expansion of liquid with temperature
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Q. What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy of particles in a substance?
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A.
Directly proportional
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B.
Inversely proportional
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C.
No relationship
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D.
Depends on the substance
Solution
The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance is directly proportional to its temperature.
Correct Answer: A — Directly proportional
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Q. What is the SI unit of temperature?
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A.
Celsius
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B.
Fahrenheit
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C.
Kelvin
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D.
Rankine
Solution
The SI unit of temperature is Kelvin.
Correct Answer: C — Kelvin
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Q. What is the specific heat capacity of water?
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A.
1 J/g°C
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B.
4.18 J/g°C
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C.
2 J/g°C
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D.
0.5 J/g°C
Solution
The specific heat capacity of water is approximately 4.18 J/g°C.
Correct Answer: B — 4.18 J/g°C
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Q. Which law states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant?
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A.
First law of thermodynamics
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B.
Second law of thermodynamics
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C.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
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D.
Third law of thermodynamics
Solution
The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant.
Correct Answer: A — First law of thermodynamics
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Q. Which of the following is a good conductor of heat?
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A.
Wood
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B.
Plastic
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C.
Copper
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D.
Glass
Solution
Copper is a good conductor of heat.
Correct Answer: C — Copper
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Q. Which of the following is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance?
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A.
Heat
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B.
Temperature
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C.
Thermal energy
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D.
Latent heat
Solution
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
Correct Answer: B — Temperature
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Q. Which of the following processes involves a change in temperature?
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A.
Isothermal process
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B.
Adiabatic process
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C.
Isobaric process
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D.
Isochoric process
Solution
In an adiabatic process, the system does not exchange heat with its surroundings, leading to a change in temperature.
Correct Answer: B — Adiabatic process
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Q. Which of the following processes is an example of an isothermal process?
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A.
Heating a gas in a closed container
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B.
Compressing a gas without heat exchange
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C.
Melting ice at 0°C
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D.
Cooling a gas at constant pressure
Solution
Melting ice at 0°C is an isothermal process as the temperature remains constant during the phase change.
Correct Answer: C — Melting ice at 0°C
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Q. Which of the following statements is true about thermal equilibrium?
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A.
Heat flows from cold to hot
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B.
Heat flows from hot to cold
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C.
No heat flow occurs
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D.
Temperature is irrelevant
Solution
In thermal equilibrium, no heat flows between systems, meaning they are at the same temperature.
Correct Answer: C — No heat flow occurs
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Q. Which process involves a change in temperature due to heat transfer?
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A.
Isothermal process
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B.
Adiabatic process
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C.
Isobaric process
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D.
Isochoric process
Solution
An isobaric process occurs at constant pressure and can involve a change in temperature due to heat transfer.
Correct Answer: C — Isobaric process
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Q. Which process involves a change in temperature without a change in heat content?
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A.
Isothermal process
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B.
Adiabatic process
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C.
Isochoric process
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D.
Isobaric process
Solution
In an adiabatic process, there is no heat exchange with the surroundings, leading to a change in temperature.
Correct Answer: B — Adiabatic process
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Q. Which process involves a change in temperature without a change in phase?
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A.
Melting
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B.
Boiling
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C.
Heating
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D.
Condensation
Solution
Heating involves a change in temperature without a change in phase.
Correct Answer: C — Heating
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Q. Which process involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids?
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A.
Conduction
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B.
Convection
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C.
Radiation
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D.
Insulation
Solution
Convection is the process of heat transfer through the movement of fluids.
Correct Answer: B — Convection
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