The wave function represents the probability distribution of a particle's position, providing information about where the particle is likely to be found.

When light of sufficient frequency hits a metal surface, it can provide enough energy to eject electrons from the metal.

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot both be precisely known at the same time.

Semiconductors can conduct electricity under certain conditions, such as when doped with impurities or when exposed to light.

Semiconductors have conductivity that can be altered by the addition of impurities, known as doping.

Bohr's model states that electrons move in fixed orbits with quantized energy levels around the nucleus.

The emission spectrum of an atom indicates the energy levels of electrons, as each line corresponds to a transition between energy levels.

The discrete lines in atomic spectra are explained by quantum transitions between energy levels, where electrons absorb or emit photons.

The discrete lines in atomic spectra are due to quantum transitions between energy levels of electrons in an atom.

Bohr's model introduced the concept of quantized energy levels for electrons in an atom.

Gluons are the exchange particles that mediate the strong nuclear force between quarks, which make up protons and neutrons.