Q. What is a common adverse effect associated with the use of aminoglycosides?
-
A.
Nephrotoxicity
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B.
Hepatotoxicity
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C.
Ototoxicity
-
D.
Cardiotoxicity
Solution
Aminoglycosides are known to cause ototoxicity, which can lead to hearing loss.
Correct Answer:
C
— Ototoxicity
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Q. What is a significant adverse effect of chloramphenicol?
-
A.
Gray baby syndrome
-
B.
Tendon rupture
-
C.
Photosensitivity
-
D.
C. difficile infection
Solution
Chloramphenicol can cause gray baby syndrome, a serious condition in newborns.
Correct Answer:
A
— Gray baby syndrome
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Q. What is the primary mechanism of action of penicillins?
-
A.
Inhibition of protein synthesis
-
B.
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
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C.
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
-
D.
Disruption of cell membrane integrity
Solution
Penicillins primarily work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell lysis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
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Q. What is the primary route of elimination for most beta-lactam antibiotics?
-
A.
Hepatic metabolism
-
B.
Renal excretion
-
C.
Biliary excretion
-
D.
Pulmonary excretion
Solution
Most beta-lactam antibiotics are primarily eliminated through renal excretion.
Correct Answer:
B
— Renal excretion
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Q. Which antibiotic class is primarily used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria and works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis?
-
A.
Cephalosporins
-
B.
Fluoroquinolones
-
C.
Macrolides
-
D.
Tetracyclines
Solution
Cephalosporins are used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria and inhibit cell wall synthesis.
Correct Answer:
A
— Cephalosporins
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Q. Which antibiotic is effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
-
A.
Cloxacillin
-
B.
Vancomycin
-
C.
Ampicillin
-
D.
Gentamicin
Solution
Vancomycin is effective against MRSA due to its mechanism of inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Vancomycin
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Q. Which class of antibiotics is known for its ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit?
-
A.
Macrolides
-
B.
Aminoglycosides
-
C.
Tetracyclines
-
D.
Glycopeptides
Solution
Tetracyclines inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.
Correct Answer:
C
— Tetracyclines
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Q. Which of the following antibiotics is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its potential to cause fetal harm?
-
A.
Amoxicillin
-
B.
Tetracycline
-
C.
Ceftriaxone
-
D.
Clindamycin
Solution
Tetracycline is contraindicated in pregnancy as it can affect fetal bone and teeth development.
Correct Answer:
B
— Tetracycline
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Q. Which of the following antibiotics is known for its broad-spectrum activity and is often used as a last resort for resistant infections?
-
A.
Vancomycin
-
B.
Ciprofloxacin
-
C.
Meropenem
-
D.
Amoxicillin
Solution
Meropenem is a broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic often used as a last resort for resistant infections.
Correct Answer:
C
— Meropenem
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